kidney failure

Examples of kidney failure in the following topics:

• Dialysis

  • In some cases of acute kidney failure, dialysis may only be needed for a short time until the kidneys get better.
  • In chronic or end stage kidney failure, your kidneys do not get better and you will need dialysis for the rest of your life.
  • It is used primarily to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure.
  • Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function (acute kidney injury, previously acute renal failure), or progressive but chronically worsening kidney function–a state known as chronic kidney disease stage 5 (previously chronic renal failure or end-stage kidney disease).
  • Over the following two years, Kolff used his machine to treat 16 patients suffering from acute kidney failure, but the results were unsuccessful.

• Renal Disease and Failure

  • Before dialysis or kidney transplants were widely available treatments, patients with kidney failure had progressive uremic poisoning.
  • Renal failure (also kidney failure or renal insufficiency) is a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products from the blood.
  • Renal failure can be divided into two categories: acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease .The type of renal failure is determined by the trend in the serum creatinine.
  • Acute kidney injuries can be present on top of chronic kidney disease, a condition called acute-on-chronic renal failure (AoCRF).
  • Kidney transplantation requires a person to be at the end stage of renal failure.

• Pyelonephritis

  • Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney tissue and surrounding area, commonly caused by a bacterial infection ascending up the upper urinary tract.
  • Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney tissue, calyces, and renal pelvis.
  • It is commonly caused by bacterial infection that has spread up the urinary tract or travelled through the bloodstream to the kidneys.
  • Severe cases of pyelonephritis can lead to pyonephrosis (pus accumulation around the kidney), sepsis (a systemic inflammatory response of the body to infection), kidney failure and even death.

• Aging and the Urinary System

  • As kidneys age, the number of filtering units and nephrons decreases, slowing down kidney function.
  • As the kidneys age, a number of events occur.
  • The overall amount of kidney tissue also decreases.
  • The blood vessels supplying the kidney can become hardened, making the kidneys filter blood more slowly .
  • Aging also increases the risk for urinary disorders such as acute and chronic kidney failure, urinary incontinence, leakage, or retention, bladder, and other urinary tract infections.

• Bacterial Foodborne Diseases

  • Deformed red blood cells clog the capillaries of the kidney, which can lead to kidney failure, as happened to 845 patients in the 2011 outbreak.
  • Kidney failure is usually reversible, but some patients experience kidney problems years later.

• Long-Term Renal Regulation

  • When blood volume is low, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys secrete renin directly into circulation.
  • Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the blood.
  • These drugs are one of the main ways to control high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, kidney failure, and harmful effects of diabetes.

• Glomerular Diseases

  • The nephron is a tubular structure in the kidney that filters blood to form urine.
  • Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a renal disease (usually of both kidneys) characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, or small blood vessels in the kidneys.
  • It may present with isolated hematuria and/or proteinuria (blood or protein in the urine), or as a nephrotic syndrome, a nephritic syndrome, acute renal failure, or chronic renal failure.
  • Primary causes are intrinsic to the kidney.
  • Goodpasture's syndrome (also known as Goodpasture's disease and anti-glomerular basement antibody disease ) is a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs, and to kidney failure.

• Edema Caused by Loss of Plasma Proteins

  • Kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes.
  • Eventually, the kidneys may fail completely so that a person with the disease needs hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant to survive.
  • The kidneys normally do not filter large molecules into the urine, so albuminuria can be an indicator of damage to the kidneys or excessive salt intake.
  • It is usually good in children, because minimal change disease responds very well to steroids and does not cause chronic renal failure.
  • It can be caused by systemic diseases, pregnancy in some women, and as a result of heart failure or varicose veins.

• Congestive Heart Failure

  • Heart failure is a common, costly, disabling, and potentially deadly condition.
  • Heart failure can result from any one, or combinations of, cardiomyopathies or problems within the heart muscle, and these problems can result in heart failure.
  • Reduced perfusion (blood flow) to the kidneys stimulates the release of renin – an enzyme that catalyzes the production of the potent vasopressor angiotensin .
  • This promotes salt and fluid retention at the kidneys, also increasing the blood volume.
  • Reduced perfusion (blood flow) to the kidneys stimulates the release of renin, an enzyme that catalyzes the production of the potent vasopressor angiotensin.

• Fluids and Aging

  • Nephropathy means damage to or disease of a kidney.
  • Heart failure (HF), often called congestive heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF), is an inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body.
  • Heart failure is a common, costly, disabling, and potentially deadly condition.
  • In developed countries, around 2% of adults suffer from heart failure, but in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%.