deformation

Examples of deformation in the following topics:

• Elasticity, Stress, and Strain

  • A change in shape due to the application of a force is a deformation.
  • Even very small forces are known to cause some deformation.
  • For small deformations, two important characteristics are observed.
  • First, the object returns to its original shape when the force is removed—that is, the deformation is elastic for small deformations.
  • Second, the size of the deformation is proportional to the force—that is, for small deformations, Hooke's law is obeyed.

• Stress and Strain

  • A change in shape due to the application of a force is a deformation.
  • Even very small forces are known to cause some deformation.
  • For small deformations, two important characteristics are observed.
  • First, the object returns to its original shape when the force is removed—that is, the deformation is elastic for small deformations.
  • Second, the size of the deformation is proportional to the force—that is, for small deformations, Hooke's law is obeyed.

• Applications of Newton's Laws

  • The change in shape of an object due to the application of a force is a deformation.
  • Even very small forces are known to cause some deformation.
  • For small deformations, two important characteristics are observed.
  • First, the object returns to its original shape when the force is removed (that is, the deformation is elastic for small deformations).
  • Second, the size of the deformation is proportional to the force.

• Elastic Potential Energy

  • If a force results in only deformation, with no thermal, sound, or kinetic energy, the work done is stored as elastic potential energy.
  • In order to produce a deformation, work must be done.
  • If the only result is deformation and no work goes into thermal, sound, or kinetic energy, then all the work is initially stored in the deformed object as some form of potential energy.
  • It is possible to calculate the work done in deforming a system in order to find the energy stored.
  • A graph shows the applied force versus deformation x for a system that can be described by Hooke's law .

• Fracture

  • Fracture is caused by a strain placed on an object such that it deforms beyond its elastic limit and breaks.
  • When a strain is applied to a material it deforms elastically proportional to the force applied.
  • Past that point, if more strain is added, the object may permanently deform and eventually fracture.
  • This is a graph of deformation ΔL versus applied force F.
  • Still greater forces permanently deform the object until it finally fractures.

• What is a Fluid?

  • A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.
  • A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.
  • a) not resisting deformation or resisting it only lightly (viscosity), and

• Shape

  • The shape of an object is a description of space that the object takes up; the shape can change if the object is deformed.

• Connected Objects

  • Perfectly rigid connectors cannot stretch nor deform, and transfer forces instantaneously from one side of the connection to the other.
  • Some deformation will always exist in any object as force travels along it.

• Force

  • ., to accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform.
  • Forces which do not act uniformly on all parts of a body will also cause mechanical stresses, a technical term for influences which cause deformation of matter.
  • While mechanical stress can remain embedded in a solid object, gradually deforming it, mechanical stress in a fluid determines changes in its pressure and volume.

• Position, Velocity, and Acceleration as a Function of Time

  • Mechanical waves propagate through a medium, and the substance of this medium is deformed.
  • The deformation reverses itself owing to restoring forces resulting from its deformation.