open culture

Examples of open culture in the following topics:

• Enrichment and Isolation

  • Growth in closed culture systems, such as a batch culture in LB broth, where no additional nutrients are added and waste products are not removed, the bacterial growth will follow a predicted growth curve and can be modeled .
  • The bacterial culture is incubated in a closed vessel with a single batch of medium.
  • This is a chemostat, also known as an open or continuous culture: a steady state defined by the rates of nutrient supply and bacterial growth.
  • The agar triple-sugar iron is one of the culture media used for the differentiation of most enterobacteria.
  • List the growth phases of microrganisms and the different types of growth media available to culture them

• Safety in the Microbiology Laboratory

  • Bacteria and viruses including Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, canine hepatitis, varicella (chicken pox), as well as some cell cultures and non-infectious bacteria.
  • Work is generally conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological practices.
  • In a lab environment all materials used for cell and/or bacteria cultures are decontaminated via autoclave.

• Pure Culture

  • It is often essential to isolate a pure culture of microorganisms.
  • Another method of bacterial culture is liquid culture, in which the desired bacteria are suspended in liquid broth, a nutrient medium.
  • As an alternative, the microbiologist may decide to use static liquid cultures.
  • Geomyces destructans in culture from bat tissues.
  • Describe how pure microbial cultures can be grown in agar-based growth medium

• Tissue Culture of Animal Viruses

  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multi-cellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells.
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture.
  • Cultured cells, eggs, and laboratory animals may be used for virus isolation.
  • Cell cultures vary greatly in their susceptibility to different viruses.
  • Discover the use of, and reasons for, culturing animal viruses in host cells

• Psychrophilic Crenarchaeota

  • Until recently all cultured Crenarchaea had been thermophilic or hyperthermophilic organisms, some of which have the ability to grow at up to 113 °C.
  • Since then, analysis of the abundant lipids from the membranes of Crenarchaea taken from the open ocean have been used to determine the concentration of these "low temperature Crenarchaea."

• Batch Culture of Bacteriophages

  • Bacteriophage cultures require host cells in which the virus or phage multiply.
  • Virus or phage cultures require host cells in which to multiply.
  • For bacteriophages, cultures are grown by infecting bacterial cells .
  • Virus or phage cultures require host cells in which to multiply.
  • For bacteriophages, cultures are grown by infecting bacterial cells.

• Preserving Bacterial Cultures

  • Take the overnight culture and and mix an aliquot with 40% glycerol in sterile water and place in a cryogenic vial.
  • While it is possible to make a long term stock from cells in the stationary phase, ideally your culture should be in logarithmic growth phase.
  • To do this, spin the culture down and resuspend it in the same volume of straight LB medium.
  • An erlenmeyer containing a bacterial culture.
  • Describe how bacterial cultures can be stored for a long time at -80C in glycerol

• Koch and Pure Culture

  • He invented methods to purify the bacillus from blood samples and grow pure cultures.
  • Additionally, it must be absent in healthy organisms prepared and maintained in a pure culture capable of producing the original infection, even after several generations in culture retrievable from an inoculated animal and cultured again.
  • Pure cultures of multicellular organisms are often more easily isolated by simply picking out a single individual to initiate a culture.
  • This is a useful technique for pure culture of fungi, multicellular algae, and small metazoa.
  • Developing pure culture techniques is crucial to the observation of the specimen in question.

• Innate Resistance

  • However, as organisms cannot be completely sealed against their environments, other systems act to protect body openings such as the lungs, intestines, and the genitourinary tract.
  • There is good evidence that re-introduction of probiotic flora, such as pure cultures of the lactobacilli normally found in unpasteurized yogurt, helps restore a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children and encouraging preliminary data in studies on bacterial gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.

• Size Variation and ORF Contents in Genomes

  • An open reading frame (ORF) is the part of a reading frame that varies in size and content in bacterial genomes.
  • In molecular genetics, an open reading frame (ORF) is the part of a reading frame that contains no stop codons.
  • Open reading frames are used as one piece of evidence to assist in gene prediction.
  • Even a long open reading frame by itself is not conclusive evidence for the presence of a gene.
  • In this sequence two out of three possible reading frames are entirely open, meaning that they do not contain a stop codon: