meninges

Examples of meninges in the following topics:

• Meningitis

  • Meningitis is inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
  • Meningitis is inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges .
  • The term aseptic meningitis refers to cases of meningitis in which no bacterial infection can be demonstrated.
  • A lumbar puncture diagnoses or excludes meningitis.
  • Similarly, devices in the brain and meninges such as cerebral shunts carry an increased risk of meningitis.

• West Nile Virus

  • West Nile meningitis, which causes inflammation of the meninges (the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord)
  • West Nile meningoencephalitis, which causes inflammation of the brain and surrounding meninges
  • Discuss the causes, symptoms and diseases (West Nile encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis and poliomyelitis) caused by the West Nile virus (WNV)

• Pathogenic Escherichia coli

  • In humans, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis can occur.
  • Neonatal meningitis is produced by a serotype of E. coli that contains a capsular antigen called K1.
  • The colonization of the newborn's intestines with these stems, that are present in the mother's vagina, lead to bacteraemia, which leads to meningitis.
  • Severe meningitis in the neonates are caused because of the absence of the IgM antibodies from the mother (these do not cross the placenta because FcRn only mediates the transfer of IgG), plus the fact that the body recognizes as self the K1 antigen, as it resembles the cerebral glicopeptides.

• Cryptococcosis

  • Cryptococcal meningitis (infection of the meninges, the tissue covering the brain) is believed to result from dissemination of the fungus from either an observed or unappreciated pulmonary infection.
  • Often there is also silent dissemination throughout the brain when meningitis is present.

• Listeriosis

  • If the infection spreads to the nervous system it can cause meningitis, an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord.
  • This involves a bacterial protein "internalin" which attaches to a protein on the intestinal cell membrane "cadherin. " These adhesion molecules are also to be found in two other unusually tough barriers in humans - the blood-brain barrier and the feto-placental barrier, and this may explain the apparent affinity that Listeria has for causing meningitis and affecting babies in-utero.
  • In the advent of listeriosis, bacteremia should be treated for two weeks, meningitis for three weeks, and brain abscess for at least six weeks.

• Development of New Vaccines

  • The implementation of large-scale, comprehensive national immunization programs, and the considerable successes that were achieved in the eradication of smallpox and the reduction of polio, measles, pertussis, tetanus, and meningitis, were among the most notable achievements of the 20th century.
  • In addition to these efforts against global diseases, progress is being made on a vaccine for the regional menace posed by meningococcal meningitis serogroup A, which causes frequent epidemics and high death rates and disability in African countries south of the Sahara.

• Other Fungi Involved in Respiratory Disease

  • The infection can spread to joints and bones (called osteoarticular sporotrichosis) as well as the central nervous system and the brain (called sporotrichosis meningitis).

• Betaproteobacteria

  • Pathogenic species within this class are the Neisseriaceae (gonorrhea and meningitis) and species of the genus Burkholderia .

• Coccidiomycosis

  • The disseminated form of Valley Fever can devastate the body, causing skin ulcers, abscesses, bone lesions, severe joint pain, heart inflammation, urinary tract problems, meningitis, and often death.
  • Some patients fail to recover and develop chronic pulmonary infection or widespread disseminated infection (affecting meninges, soft tissues, joints, and bone).

• Sepsis and Septic Shock

  • The precipitating infections which may lead to septic shock if severe enough include appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and necrotizing fasciitis.