Examples of Lyme disease in the following topics:
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- Lyme disease (aka Lyme borreliosis) is caused by bacteria from the Borrelia genus, and is the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere.
- The disease is named after the towns of Lyme and Old Lyme, Connecticut, where a number of cases were identified in 1975.
- Lyme disease can affect multiple body systems and produce a range of symptoms, though not all patients with Lyme disease will have all symptoms, and many of the symptoms are not specific to Lyme disease.
- Erythematous rash in the pattern of a "bull's-eye" from Lyme disease.
- Nymphal and adult deer ticks can be carriers of Lyme disease.
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- For example, Lyme disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), and Lassa fever all emerged when humans began encountering the insect vector (for Lyme disease) or rodent host (for HPS and Lassa fever) of the causative agents in greater numbers than ever before.
- Factors related to the emergence of infectious diseases such as Legionnaire disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome include changing technologies: air conditioning systems and mass food production, respectively.
- Several human activities have led to the emergence and spread of new diseases:
- These conditions foster transmission of contagious diseases.
- Modern transport contributes in spreading diseases faster.
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- Defining the means of transmission of a pathogen is important in understanding its biology and in addressing the disease it causes.
- Gastrointestinal diseases are often acquired by ingesting contaminated food and water.
- Sexually transmitted diseases are acquired through contact with bodily fluids, generally as a result of sexual activity.
- Transmission of infectious diseases may also involve a vector.
- Biological vectors are often responsible for serious blood-borne diseases, such as malaria, viral encephalitis, Chagas disease, Lyme disease, and African sleeping sickness.
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- Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia, a parasite transmitted to human hosts by ticks.
- Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by Babesia.
- If the disease progresses without treatment and it is severe, the infected individual can suffer from organ failure and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
- Ticks transmit the human form of Babesiosis, so it often presents with other tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease.
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- An emerging infectious disease is a disease with a rate of incidence that has increased in the past 20 years, and could increase in the near future.
- An emerging infectious disease (EID) is an infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years, and could increase in the near future.
- EIDs are caused by newly identified species or strains (e.g., SARS, AIDS) that may have evolved from a known infection (e.g., influenza), or spread to a new population (e.g., West Nile virus), or to an area undergoing ecologic transformation (e.g., Lyme disease).
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease in humans which is caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) .
- Prior to the mid 1990s, WNV disease occurred only sporadically and was considered a minor risk for humans.
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- This also includes other human pathogens like the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
- In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have specified these levels.
- Biosafety Level 1: This level is suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans, with minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.
- It includes various bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting such as chlamydia.
- It includes various bacteria, parasites, and viruses that can cause severe to fatal disease in humans, but for which treatments exist (eg. yellow fever).
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- The United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorize various diseases in levels of biohazard: Level 1 being minimum risk and Level 4 being extreme risk.
- Bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting, such as hepatitis A, B, and C, influenza A, Lyme disease, salmonella, mumps, measles, scrapie, dengue fever, and HIV.
- Bacteria and viruses that can cause severe to fatal disease in humans, but for which vaccines or other treatments exist, such as anthrax, West Nile virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, SARS virus, tuberculosis, typhus, Rift Valley fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, yellow fever, and malaria.
- Viruses and bacteria that cause severe to fatal disease in humans, and for which vaccines or other treatments are not available, such as Bolivian and Argentine hemorrhagic fevers, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Lassa fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and other hemorrhagic diseases.
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- Aseptic meningitis may also result from infection with spirochetes, a type of bacteria that includes Treponema pallidum (the cause of syphilis) and Borrelia burgdorferi (known for causing Lyme disease).
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- An acute disease is a short-lived disease, like the common cold.
- A refractory disease is a disease that resists treatment, especially an individual case that resists treatment more than is normal for the specific disease in question.
- A progressive disease is a disease whose typical natural course is the worsening of the disease until death, serious debility, or organ failure occurs.
- Slowly progressive diseases are also chronic diseases; many are also degenerative diseases.
- The opposite of progressive disease is stable disease or static disease: a medical condition that exists, but does not get better or worse.