latent

Examples of latent in the following topics:

• Toxoplasmosis

  • The three categories of toxoplasmosis include acute, latent, and cutaneous toxoplasmosis.
  • Latent toxoplasmosis is characterized by the formation of cysts in both the nervous and muscle tissue due to the bradyzoite form of the parasite.
  • Often times, individuals infected with latent toxoplasmosis do not present with symptoms, as the infection enters a latent phase.
  • Compare and contrast: acute and latent toxoplasmosis and outline the life cycle of the protazoan that causes it

• Other Diseases and Epstein-Barr Virus

  • The latent EBV genome is circular, so it must linearize in the process of lytic reactivation.
  • Unlike lytic replication, the latent stage does not result in production of virions.
  • Latent EBV expresses its genes in one of three patterns, known as latency programs.
  • EBV can latently persist within B cells and epithelial cells, but different latency programs are possible in the two types of cells.
  • It will remain dormant during the latent stage until it is reactivated into the lytic cycle.

• Double-Stranded DNA Viruses: Herpesviruses

  • Herpes viruses cause a wide range of latent, recurring infections including oral and genital herpes, cytomegalovirus, and chicken pox.
  • The family name is derived from the Greek word herpein ("to creep"), referring to the latent, recurring infections typical of this group of viruses.

• Cytomegalovirus Infections

  • All herpesviruses can stay latent for long durations.
  • CMV, like all herpesviruses, can stay latent for long durations of time.

• Replication of Double-Stranded DNA Viruses of Animals

  • Some members of the family are oncoviruses, meaning they can cause tumors; they often persist as latent infections in a host without causing disease, but may produce tumors in a host of a different species, or in individuals with ineffective immune systems.
  • The family name is derived from the Greek word herpein ("to creep"), referring to the latent, recurring infections typical of this group of viruses.
  • Herpesviridae can cause latent or lytic infections.
  • More than 90% of adults have been infected with at least one of these, and a latent form of the virus remains in most people.

• Inoculation of Live Animals

  • Animal inoculation has several disadvantages as immunity may interfere with viral growth, and the animal may harbor latent viruses.

• Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases

  • Most infections are asymptomatic and latent, but about one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of those so infected.

• Viral Skin Diseases

  • Once an episode of chickenpox has resolved, the virus is not eliminated from the body but remains latent and can go on to cause shingles—an illness with very different symptoms—often many years after the initial infection.
  • Exactly how the virus remains latent in the body, and subsequently re-activates is not understood.

• Antimycobacterial Antibiotics

  • For latent tuberculosis, the standard treatment is six to nine months of isoniazid alone.

• Replicative Cycle of HIV

  • This integrated viral DNA may then lie dormant, in the latent stage of HIV infection.