Examples of glycolysis in the following topics:
-
- Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.
- Most bacteria use glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
- By comparison, glycolysis has a net yield of 2 ATP and 2 NADH for every one glucose molecule processed.
- There are a few bacteria that substitute classic glycolysis with the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
- They may lack enzymes essential for glycolysis, such as phosphofructokinase-1.
-
- An additional central metabolic pathway includes glycolysis.
- Glycolysis is characterized by a series of reactions that results in the conversion of glucose into pyruvate.
-
- Although carbohydrates, fats and proteins can be used as reactants, the preferred method is the process of glycolysis.
- During glycolysis, pyruvate is formed from glucose metabolism.
- Both types of metabolism share the initial pathway of glycolysis, but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
- Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol, does not require oxygen, and can therefore function under anaerobic conditions.
- A diagram of cellular respiration including glycolysis, Krebs cycle (AKA citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain.
-
- Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through acetyl-CoA.
- It is the output of the anaerobic metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis.
- Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted by fermentation to lactate using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NADH in lactate fermentation.
- Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through acetyl-CoA.
-
- Fermentation is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) by glycolysis.
- Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through acetyl-CoA.
-
- Once inside, the major route of breakdown is glycolysis, where sugars such as glucose and fructose are converted into pyruvate and some ATP is generated.
- In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis produces lactate, through the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase re-oxidizing NADH to NAD+ for re-use in glycolysis.
- The glycerol initiates glycolysis and the fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation to release acetyl-CoA, which then is fed into the citric acid cycle.
-
- This means that these organisms do not use an electron transport chain to oxidize NADH to NAD+ and therefore must have an alternative method of using this reducing power and maintaining a supply of NAD+ for the proper functioning of normal metabolic pathways (e.g. glycolysis).
- These reduced organic compounds are generally small organic acids and alcohols derived from pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis.
-
- In biochemical reactions, the redox reactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction from glycolysis: Pi + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ → NADH + H+ + 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
-
- For example, archaea use a modified form of glycolysis (the Entner–Doudoroff pathway) and either a complete or partial citric acid cycle.
-
- Unlike free-living bacteria, Rickettsia species contain no genes for anaerobic glycolysis or those involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of amino acids and nucleosides.