eradication

Examples of eradication in the following topics:

• Vaccination

  • Vaccination is a proven way to prevent and even eradicate widespread outbreaks of life-threatening infectious diseases.
  • Certain infectious diseases, such as Smallpox, have been completely eradicated.

• Development of New Vaccines

  • The implementation of large-scale, comprehensive national immunization programs, and the considerable successes that were achieved in the eradication of smallpox and the reduction of polio, measles, pertussis, tetanus, and meningitis, were among the most notable achievements of the 20th century.
  • Describe how new vaccines are being developed to help eradicate several infectious global diseases

• Biofilms, Persisters, and Antibiotic Tolerance

  • It is being widely recognized that bacterial biofilms are responsible for several chronic diseases that are difficult to treat, hence hard to eradicate (e.g., cystitis, endocarditis, urinary tract infections, gingivitis, dental plaque, and other yet to be identified conditions).
  • Elimination of persisters remains an obstacle for the eradication of some tenacious and highly recurrent bacterial infections.

• Double-Stranded DNA Viruses: Pox Viruses

  • The prototype of the poxvirus family is vaccinia virus, which has been used as a successful vaccine to eradicate smallpox virus.
  • After vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the eradication of smallpox in 1979.
  • Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest, which was declared eradicated in 2011.

• Diphtheria

  • Historically quite common, diphtheria has largely been eradicated in industrialized nations through widespread vaccination.
  • Boosters of the vaccine are recommended for adults, since the benefits of the vaccine decrease with age without constant re-exposure; they are particularly recommended for those traveling to areas where the disease has not been eradicated.

• Medical Importance of Viruses

  • Among these are the sudden emergence of the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the continued transmission of an avian influenza virus to humans ("bird flu"), and the isolation of poliovirus vaccine-wild type recombinants that have hampered poliovirus eradication efforts.

• Antimycobacterial Antibiotics

  • Most regimens have an initial high-intensity phase, followed by a continuation phase (also called a consolidation phase or eradication phase) - the high-intensity phase is given first, then the continuation phase.

• Pharyngitis

  • As a result of childhood vaccination programs, diphtheria has has been largely eradicated in developed nations, but it is still reported in the Third World, and, increasingly, in some areas in Eastern Europe.

• Rabies

  • While rabies was once eradicated in the United Kingdom, infected bats have recently been found in Scotland.

• Antibody Genes and Diversity

  • Successful recognition and eradication of many different types of microbes requires diversity among antibodies (glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily).