enteritis

Examples of enteritis in the following topics:

• The Legume-Root Nodule Symbiosis

  • Exposure to nod factor triggers the formation of deformed root hairs, which permit rhizobia to enter the plant.
  • Rhizobia then form an infection thread, which is an intercellular tube that penetrates the cells of the host plant, and the bacteria then enter the host plants cells through the deformed root hair.
  • Rhizobia can also enter the root by inserting themselves between cracks between root cells; this method of infection is called crack entry.
  • Bacteria enter the root cells from the intercellular spaces, also using an infection thread to penetrate cell walls.
  • Root nodules are formed when nitrogen fixing bacteria called rhizobia enter the cells of a host plant.

• Replicative Cycle of Influenza A

  • It is known that virions converge to the microtubule organizing center, interact with acidic endosomes, and finally enter the target endosomes for genome release.
  • The vRNA either enters into the cytoplasm and translated (Step 4) or remains in the nucleus.
  • The vRNA and viral core proteins leave the nucleus and enter this membrane protrusion (Step 6).

• Colonization and Growth

  • Infection begins when an organism successfully colonizes a host by entering the host's body, growing and multiplying from there.
  • Infection begins when an organism successfully colonizes by entering the body, growing and multiplying from there.

• Virus Attachment and Genome Entry

  • Attachment to the receptor can induce the viral envelope protein to undergo changes that results in the fusion of viral and cellular membranes, or changes of non-enveloped virus surface proteins that allow the virus to enter.
  • Penetration follows attachment: Virions enter the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis or membrane fusion.

• Other Fungi Involved in Respiratory Disease

  • It enters through small cuts and abrasions in the skin to cause the infection.
  • In cases of sporotrichosis affecting the lungs, the fungal spores enter through the respiratory pathways.

• Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus

  • On entering the cell, an α-TIF protein joins the viral particle and aids in immediate-early transcription.
  • The envelope covering the virus particle, when bound to specific receptors on the cell surface, will fuse with the host cell membrane and create an opening, or pore, through which the virus enters the host cell.

• Viral Identification

  • If the cell has the appropriate receptor on its surface, these viruses sometimes enter the cell by direct fusion with the cell membrane (e.g., herpesviruses) or, more usually, by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
  • In eukaryotes the viral genome must cross the cell's nuclear membrane to access this machinery, while in bacteria it need only enter the cell.

• Viral Gastroenteritis

  • The virus can enter the host cell via a receptor on the cell surface.
  • The inner shell particle then enters the cytoplasm by a yet unknown process to start replication.

• HIV Attachment and Host Cell Entry

  • HIV enters macrophages and CD4-positive T cells (CD4 is a glycoprotein receptor found on cells) by the adsorption of glycoproteins on its surface to receptors on the target cell, followed by fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane and the release of the HIV capsid into the cell .
  • Steps in the HIV Replication Cycle: Fusion of the HIV cell to the host cell surface.Cell Entry, HIV RNA, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and other viral proteins enter the host cell.Viral DNA is formed by reverse transcription.Viral DNA is transported across the nucleus and integrates into the host DNA.New viral RNA is used as genomic RNA to make viral proteins.New viral RNA and proteins move to cell surface and a new, immature, HIV virus forms.Virus maturation and protease release of individual HIV proteins.

• Tissue Tropism in Animal Viruses

  • For example, viruses must bind to specific cell surface receptors to enter a cell.
  • Therefore, HIV can enter T cells and macrophages.