Examples of expansion in the following topics:
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- Business cycles are identified as having four distinct phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough.
- An expansion is characterized by increasing employment, economic growth, and upward pressure on prices.
- The slowing ceases at the trough and at this point the economy has hit a bottom from which the next phase of expansion and contraction will emerge.
- An expansion is the period from a trough to a peak, and a recession as the period from a peak to a trough.
- The phases of a business cycle follow a wave-like pattern over time with regard to GDP, with expansion leading to a peak and then followed by contraction leading to a trough.
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- From 1854 through 1919, the American economy spent almost as much time contracting as it did growing: the average economic expansion (defined as an increase in output of goods and services) lasted 27 months, while the average recession (a period of declining output) lasted 22 months.
- From 1919 to 1945, the record improved, with the average expansion lasting 35 months and the average recession lasting 18 months.
- And from 1945 to 1991, things got even better, with the average expansion lasting 50 months and the average recession lasting just 11 months.
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- Large corporations could not have grown to their present size without being able to find innovative ways to raise capital to finance expansion.
- Others distribute, say, 50 percent of earnings to shareholders in dividends, keeping the rest to pay for operations and expansion.
- Still other corporations, often the smaller ones, prefer to reinvest most or all of their net income in research and expansion, hoping to reward investors by rapidly increasing the value of their shares.
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- These fluctuations occur around a long-term growth trend, and typically involve shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid economic growth (an expansion or boom), and periods of relative stagnation or decline (a contraction or recession).
- The economy moves through expansion and contraction on a routine basis; policy mechanisms allow for smoother transitions and soften landings.
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- For example, a reserve ratio of 20% will result in 80% of any given initial deposit being loaned out and if the process of loaning is assumed to continue, the maximum increase in money expansion specific to an initial deposit at a 20% reserve ratio will be equal to the reserve multiplier 1/(reserve ratio) x the initial deposit.
- This then signifies that any initial deposit will contribute to an expansion in money supply up to 5 times its original value.
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- In other words, economic growth is an expansion of the economic output of a country.
- The power expansion associated with economic growth has long-run influences on a country.
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- In 19th-century America, as small agricultural enterprises rapidly spread across the vast expanse of the American frontier, the homesteading farmer embodied many of the ideals of the economic individualist.
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- 1990 to 2000: the United States dominated expansion during these years.
- The five largest contributors to the expansion were the United States, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France.
- The United Kingdom was impacted the most, followed by Russia and Germany. 56 countries experienced expansion of economic output, including China, Japan, and Indonesia.
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- The aggregate demand curve shifts to the right as a result of monetary expansion.
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- Classical economics focuses on the growth in the wealth of nations and promotes policies that create national expansion.