white flight

Examples of white flight in the following topics:

• Suburbanization

  • Louis is an example of a city that fell into urban decline largely as the result of white flight that led to widespread suburbanization.
  • While white flight was concentrated in the post-WWII era, the effects are still present today.
  • Further, the mid-twentieth century movement of "white flight" significantly contributed to the rise of suburbs in the United States.
  • White flight began in earnest in the United States following World War II and continues, though in less overt ways, today.
  • The effects of white flight are still seen today.

• The Rural Rebound

  • Sociologists have posited many explanations for counterurbanization, but one of the most debated is whether suburbanization is driven by white flight.
  • The term white flight was coined in the mid-twentieth century to describe suburbanization and the large-scale migration of whites of various European ancestries, from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban regions.
  • White flight during this period contributed to urban decay, a process whereby a city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude.
  • White flight contributed to the draining of cities' tax bases when middle-class people left, exacerbating urban decay caused in part by the loss of industrial and manufacturing jobs as they moved into rural areas or overseas where labor was cheaper.
  • These phenomena, however, are not so clearly driven by the restrictive policies, laws, and practices that drove the white flight of the first half of the century.

• Shrinking Cities and Counter-Urbanization

  • Sociologists have posited many explanations for counterurbanization, but one of the most debated known as "white flight. " The term "white flight" was coined in the mid-twentieth century to describe suburbanization and the large-scale migration of whites of various European ancestries from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban regions.
  • White flight during the post-war period contributed to urban decay, a process whereby a city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude.
  • White flight contributed to the draining of cities' tax bases when middle-class people left.

• The Growth of Suburbs

  • The influx of new black residents caused many white Americans to move to the suburbs ("white flight").
  • The first data set that potentially could prove white flight was the 1950 census data.
  • Bogue of the Scripps Foundation, that scientifically proved the reality of white flight.
  • The federal government contributed to white flight and the early decay of non-white city neighborhoods by withholding maintenance capital mortgages, thus making it difficult for the communities to either retain or attract middle-class residents.
  • In some areas, the post–World War II racial desegregation of the public schools catalyzed white flight.

• Coleman's Study of Between-School Effects in American Education

  • Sociologist James Coleman found in later research in 1975 that desegregation busing programs had led to white flight from the higher-class mixed race school districts.
  • When black students were bused in to these schools, white parents began to move their children out of such schools in large numbers.
  • Following up on this conclusion, Coleman found in later research in 1975, that desegregated busing programs had led to white flight from the higher-class, mixed-race school districts.
  • The report showed that, in general, white students scored higher than black students, but it also showed significant overlap in scores: 15 percent of black students fell within the same range of academic accomplishment as the upper 50 percent of white students.
  • This same group of blacks, however, scored higher than the other 50 percent of whites.

• Urban Decline

  • This process is frequently called white flight, in reference to the fact that the central urban areas usually remain inhabited by minority populations when white populations leave.
  • Historically in the U.S., the white middle class gradually left the cities for suburban areas because of the perceived higher crime rates and dangers caused by African-American migration to northern cities after World War I; this demonstrates so-called white flight.

• The Process of Urbanization

  • Another term for urbanization is "rural flight. " In modern times, this flight often occurs in a region following the industrialization of agriculture—when fewer people are needed to bring the same amount of agricultural output to market—and related agricultural services and industries are consolidated.
  • Rural flight is exacerbated when the population decline leads to the loss of rural services (such as business enterprises and schools), which leads to greater loss of population as people leave to seek those features.
  • The cities became seen as dangerous, crime-infested areas, while the suburbs were seen as safe places to live and raise a family, leading to a social trend known in some parts of the world as "white flight. " Some social scientists suggest that the historical processes of suburbanization and decentralization are instances of white privilege that have contributed to contemporary patterns of environmental racism.

• September 11th and the War on Terror

  • The hijackers intentionally piloted two of those planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City; both towers collapsed within two hours.
  • At 8:46 a.m., five hijackers crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the World Trade Center's North Tower (1 WTC), and at 9:03 a.m., another five hijackers crashed United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower (2 WTC).
  • Five hijackers flew American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m.
  • A fourth flight, United Airlines Flight 93, under the control of four hijackers, crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, southeast of Pittsburgh, at 10:03 a.m. after the passengers fought the hijackers.
  • Flight 93's target is believed to have been either the Capitol or the White House.

• Zero Launch Angle

  • What is the range, maximum height and time of flight of the object at a 90 degree launch angle?
  • We have previously discussed the effects of different launch angles on range, height, and time of flight.
  • Here, $T$ is the duration of the flight before the object its the ground.
  • In the horizontal direction, the object travels at a constant speed $v_0$ during the flight.
  • Explain the relationship between the range and the time of flight

• The Fight-or-Flight Response

  • The fight-or-flight-or-freeze response is regulated by release of adrenaline or noradrenaline.
  • The fight-or-flight response (also called the acute stress response) was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon.
  • Upon sensing a threat the brain stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone which induces adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary to stimulate the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex to increase blood sugar levels in preparation for fight or flight.
  • However, a short boost of the immune system shortly after the fight or flight response has been activated has been described.
  • Discuss the endocrine system's role in the fight-or-flight response to stress