Examples of Whiskey Ring in the following topics:
-
- The most infamous scandal associated with the Grant administration was the Whiskey Ring of 1875, which was exposed by Treasury Secretary Benjamin H.
- Babcock, were eventually indicted in the Whiskey Ring trials.
- Grant unexpectedly issued an order not to give any more immunity to persons involved in the Whiskey Ring, leading to speculation that he was trying to protect Babcock.
- Grant then replaced Henderson with James Broadhead, who had little time to research the facts surrounding Babcock's case and those of other Whiskey Ring members.
- Broadhead went on to close out all the other cases in the Whiskey Ring.
-
- The Whiskey Rebellion, or Whiskey Insurrection, was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791, during the presidency of George Washington that directly challenged the federal government's right to levy taxes.
- A whiskey tax would therefore make western farmers less competitive with eastern grain producers.
- There were two methods of paying the whiskey excise: paying a flat fee or paying by the gallon.
- Large distillers produced whiskey in volume and could afford the flat fee.
- Resistance to the whiskey excise tax came to a climax in 1794.
-
- The reverse reaction may be called electrocyclic ring opening.
- The electrocyclic ring closure is is designated by blue arrows, and the ring opening by red arrows.
- In the first case, trans,cis,trans-2,4,6-octatriene undergoes thermal ring closure to cis-5,6-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene.
- This mode of reaction is favored by relief of ring strain, and the reverse ring closure (light blue arrows) is not normally observed.
- Photochemical ring closure can be effected, but the stereospecificity is opposite to that of thermal ring opening.
-
- However, farmers on the western frontier operated private distilleries to generate extra income, and for many poor farmers, whiskey was a medium of exchange, rather than a source of cash.
- For these farmers, the whiskey tax constituted an unfair income tax that favored wealthy farmers and eastern distilleries who could afford to pay a flat tax per barrel.
- In 1794, outbursts of violence against tax assesors in western Pennsylvania evolved into a large mob of poor farmers who, motivated by other economic grievances as well as the whiskey tax, demanded independence from the United States.
- The Washington administration's suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion was met with widespread popular approval and demonstrated that the new national government had the willingness and ability to suppress violent resistance to its laws.
- Historians such as Steven Boyd have argued that the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion prompted anti-Federalist westerners to finally accept the Constitution and to seek change by voting rather than by resisting the government.
-
- Cycloalkanes have one or more rings of carbon atoms.
- Since all the carbons of a ring are equivalent (a ring has no ends like a chain does), the numbering starts at a substituted ring atom.
- The three dimensional shapes assumed by the common rings (especially cyclohexane and larger rings) are described and discussed in the Conformational Analysis Section.
- Hydrocarbons having more than one ring are common, and are referred to as bicyclic (two rings), tricyclic (three rings) and in general, polycyclic compounds.
- The structural relationship of rings in a polycyclic compound can vary.
-
- When viewed with monochromatic light, Newton's rings appear as alternating bright and dark rings; when viewed with white light, a concentric ring pattern of rainbow colors is observed.
- The light rings are caused by constructive interference between the light rays reflected from both surfaces, while the dark rings are caused by destructive interference.
- The radius of the Nth bright ring is given by:
- Newton's rings seen in two plano-convex lenses with their flat surfaces in contact.
- One surface is slightly convex, creating the rings.
-
- Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring in their carbon backbones.
- Cycloalkanes with one ring have the chemical formula CnH2n.
- Cyclic organic compounds can contain more than one ring.
- Notice that norbornane contains two 5-membered rings which are fused.
- Carbon atoms 1, 4, 7 are common to both cyclopentane rings.
-
- The β-lactam ring is part of the core structure of several antibiotic families.
- A β-lactam (beta-lactam) ring, is a four-membered lactam .
- The β-lactam ring is part of the core structure of several antibiotic families, the principal ones being the penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams, which are, therefore, also called β-lactam antibiotics.
-
- By agreement, chemists use heavy, wedge-shaped bonds to indicate a substituent located above the average plane of the ring (note that cycloalkanes larger than three carbons are not planar), and a hatched line for bonds to atoms or groups located below the ring.
- In general, if any two sp3 carbons in a ring have two different substituent groups (not counting other ring atoms) stereoisomerism is possible.
- This is similar to the substitution pattern that gives rise to stereoisomers in alkenes; indeed, one might view a double bond as a two-membered ring.
- If more than two ring carbons have different substituents (not counting other ring atoms) the stereochemical notation distinguishing the various isomers becomes more complex.
-
- Ring A is sometimes aromatic.
- For purposes of discussion, the left ring is labeled A (colored blue) and the right ring B (colored red).
- In the conformer on the left, the red ring (B) is attached to the blue ring (A) by an axial bond to C-1 and an equatorial bond to C-6 (these terms refer to ring A substituents).
- The fusion of ring C to ring B in a trans configuration prevents ring B from undergoing a conformational flip to another chair form.
- If this were to occur, ring C would have to be attached to ring B by two adjacent axial bonds directed 180º apart.