War of the Bavarian Succession

Examples of War of the Bavarian Succession in the following topics:

• Marriage to Marie-Antoinette

  • Following the Seven Years' War and the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756, Empress Maria Theresa decided to end hostilities with her longtime enemy, King Louis XV of France.
  • Her first official appearance in Paris in 1773 was a resounding success.
  • Marie Antoinette's first child, Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, was born in 1778 but in the middle of the queen's pregnancy, her brother made claims on the throne of Bavaria (the War of the Bavarian Succession).
  • The two helped George Washington in defeating the British in the American Revolutionary War, which ended in 1783.
  • By the time of the Flour War of 1775, a series of riots against the high price of flour and bread, her reputation among the general public was damaged.

• The New Royals and Their People

  • The alliance with Austria had pulled France into the disastrous Seven Years' War, in which it was defeated by the British, both in Europe and in North America.
  • Her first official appearance in Paris in 1773 was a resounding success.
  • By the time of the Flour War of 1775, a series of riots against the high price of flour and bread, her reputation among the general public was damaged.
  • In 1778, her brother and the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II made claims on the throne of Bavaria (the War of the Bavarian Succession).
  • France's financial problems were the result of a combination of factors: expensive wars; a large royal family whose expenditures were paid for by the state; and the unwillingness of the privileged classes to help defray the costs of the government out of their own pockets by relinquishing some of their financial privileges.

• Catherine's Foreign Policy Goals

  • The Ottomans restarted hostilities in the second Russo-Turkish War (1787–92).
  • This war, catastrophic for the Ottomans, ended with the Treaty of Jassy (1792), which legitimized the Russian claim to the Crimea and granted the Yedisan region to Russia.
  • Although she could see the benefits of Britain's friendship, she was wary of Britain's increased power following its victory in the Seven Years War, which threatened the European balance of power.
  • She acted as mediator in the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–79) between the German states of Prussia and Austria.
  • Denmark declared war on Sweden in 1788 (the Theater War).

• The Question of Spanish Succession

  • The question of Spanish succession at the turn of the 18th century was linked directly to the question of balance on powers in Europe and led to a major European war that ended the European hegemony of France.
  • The War of the Spanish Succession brought to an end a long period of major conflict in Western Europe.
  • Europe before the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, (c. 1700), source: Wikipedia.
  • Europe after the War of the Spanish Succession (1714), source: Wikipedia.
  • While borders in Europe did not shift dramatically in the aftermath of the War of the Spanish Succession, the relative balance of powers was restored, largely as a result of France losing its hegemonic position.

• Territorial Losses

  • Louis XV's controversial decision following the War of the Austrian Succession and his loss in the Seven Years' War weakened the international position of France that lost most of its colonial holdings.
  • In 1740, the death of Emperor Charles VI and his succession by his daughter Maria Theresa started the War of the Austrian Succession.
  • In Germany, the French were forced back to the Rhine and their Bavarian allies were decisively defeated.
  • A few months later, Great Britain and Prussia, enemies in the War of the Austrian Succession, signed a 1756 treaty of "neutrality."
  • The French military successes of the War of the Austrian Succession were not repeated in the Seven Years' War, except for a few temporary victories.

• Charles Martel and Pepin the Short

  • The latter became the first of the Carolingians, the family of Charles Martel, to become king.
  • The brothers were active in subjugating revolts led by the Bavarians, Aquitanians, Saxons, and Alemanni in the early years of their reign.
  • In wars of expansion, Pepin conquered Septimania from the Islamic Umayyads, and subjugated the southern realms by repeatedly defeating Waifer of Aquitaine and his Basque troops, after which the Basque and Aquitanian lords saw no option but to pledge loyalty to the Franks.
  • Pepin was, however, troubled by the relentless revolts of the Saxons and the Bavarians.
  • Although unquestionably one of the most powerful and successful rulers of his time, Pepin's reign is largely overshadowed by that of his more famous son.

• Der Blaue Reiter

  • They believed in the promotion of modern art, the connection between visual art and music, the spiritual and symbolic associations of color, and a spontaneous, intuitive approach to painting.
  • A second volume was planned, but the start of World War I prevented it.
  • Instead, a second edition of the original was printed in 1914.
  • The selection was dominated by primitive, folk, and children's art, with pieces from the South Pacific and Africa, Japanese drawings, medieval German woodcuts and sculpture, Egyptian puppets, Russian folk art, and Bavarian religious art painted on glass.
  • The group was disrupted by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

• European Wars in the Colonies

  • The British and the Dutch vied over the colony of New Netherland, the British and the Spanish fought the War of Jenkins' Ear, and the British and the French fought in a series of wars that concluded in 1763 with the French and Indian War.
  • The war was largely subsumed by the War of the Austrian Succession in 1742.
  • His failure showed a growing recognition of the need to replicate European combat techniques and war policy in order to achieve military success.
  • Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second war for control of the continent and was the counterpart of the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe.
  • King George's War, 1744–1748, was the North American phase of the concurrent War of the Austrian Succession.

• Empires in Conflict

  • The British and the Dutch vied over the colony of New Netherland, the British and the Spanish fought the War of Jenkins' Ear, and the British and the French fought in a series of wars that concluded in 1763 with the French and Indian War.
  • The war was largely subsumed by the War of the Austrian Succession in 1742.
  • Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second war for control of the continent, and was the counterpart of the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe.
  • King George's War (1744–48) was the North American phase of the War of the Austrian Succession .
  • The Battle of Fontenoy was an engagement in the larger War of the Austrian Succession, which involved most of the powers of Europe.

• A Global War

  • Although the question of whether the Seven Years' War was the first world war remains ambiguous, the war marked a shift in the European balance of power that shaped the world far beyond Europe.
  • However, this label has also been given to various earlier conflicts, including the Eighty Years' War, the Thirty Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, and to later conflicts, including the Napoleonic Wars.
  • This success convinced them to launch two further expeditions to take the island of Gorée and the French trading post on the Gambia.
  • The triple Franco-Spanish invasion of Portugal in Europe (main theater of the war, which absorbed the lion's share of the Spanish war effort) in 1762 was followed by a Spanish invasion of Portuguese territories in South America (a secondary theater of the war).
  • While the question of whether the Seven Years' War was, indeed, the first world war remains ambiguous, the war had certainly global impact and marked a shift in the European balance of power.