vernacular architecture

Examples of vernacular architecture in the following topics:

• Domestic Architecture in Modern Africa

  • As with most architectural traditions elsewhere, African architecture has been subject to numerous external influences from the earliest periods for which evidence is available.
  • Vernacular architecture uses a wide range of materials, such as thatch, stick/wood, mud, mudbrick, rammed earth, and stone, with a preference for materials varying by region.
  • Neo-vernacular architecture, or new forms of vernacular architecture, continues, for instance with the Great Mosques of Nioro or New Gourna.
  • Lunda dwellings (from the Kingdom of Lunda, a pre-colonial African confederation of states in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, north-eastern Angola, and northwestern Zambia from c. 1665–1887) display the square and the cone-on-ground types of African vernacular architecture.
  • Evaluate the influences of Baroque, Arab, Turkish, and Gujarati Indian architectural styles on traditional African architecture.

• Monumental Reliefs in Southeast Asia

  • Sculpture and architecture were intimately connected in Southeast Asia, and monumental reliefs were used to decorate the walls of buildings.
  • Monumental reliefs represent an important facet of ancient Southeast Asian art, where sculpture and architecture were intimately connected with one another.
  • Many of these reliefs provide glimpses of scenes of daily life; for example, the relief sculptures from Borobudur depict scenes from 8th-century Java, including courtly palace life, a hermit in the forest, commoners in the village, temple and marketplace scenes, native vernacular architecture, and flora and fauna.
  • These bas-relief sculptures have served as a reference for historians in the study of ancient Javanese architecture, weaponry, fashion, and transportation.

• Spanish Architecture in the Baroque Period

  • A particular strand of Baroque architecture evolved in Spain and its provinces and former colonies in the late 17th century.
  • In Madrid, a vernacular Baroque with its roots in Herrerian and in traditional brick construction was developed in the Plaza Mayor and in the Royal Palace of El Buen Retiro, which was destroyed during the French invasion by Napoleon's troops.
  • The Royal Palaces of La Granja de San Ildefonso in Segovia and Aranjuez in Madrid are good examples of Baroque integration of architecture and gardening.
  • Three sides of the Plaza Mayor, well known for its Spanish Baroque architecture.
  • Identify characteristics of Spanish Baroque architecture, its most famous examples, and how it differs from the art of Northern Europe in the 17th century.

• Architecture of the Holy Roman Empire

  • Architecture from the Holy Roman Empire spans from the Romanesque to the Classic eras.
  • German buildings from this period include Lorsch Abbey, which combines elements of the Roman triumphal arch (arch-shaped passageways, half-columns) with the vernacular Teutonic heritage (baseless triangles of the blind arcade, polychromatic masonry).
  • Gothic architecture flourished during the high and late medieval period, evolving from Romanesque architecture.
  • The interaction of architecture, painting and sculpture is an essential feature of Baroque architecture.
  • It drew inspiration from the classical architecture of antiquity, and was a reaction against the Baroque style, in both architecture and landscape design.

• Arts and Sciences

  • In northern European countries Gothic architecture remained the norm, and the gothic cathedral was further elaborated.
  • In Italy, on the other hand, architecture took a different direction, also here inspired by classical ideals.
  • The most important development of late medieval literature was the ascendancy of the vernacular languages.
  • The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems).
  • In one structure, two of the most influential architectural designs in the world.

• Introduction to the Renaissance

  • This new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature.
  • As a cultural movement, the Renaissance encompassed the innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which contemporaries credited to Petrarch, the development of linear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform.

• Environmental Context of Architecture

• Neoclassical Architecture

• Flavian Architecture

• Ottonian Architecture in the Early European Middle Ages

  • Ottonian architecture flourished from the 10th-11th centuries and drew inspiration from Carolingian and Byzantine architecture.
  • Surviving examples of this style of architecture are found today in Germany and Belgium.
  • Ottonian architecture chiefly drew its inspiration from both Carolingian and Byzantine architecture and represents the absorption of classical Mediterranean and Christian architectural forms with Germanic styles.
  • One of the finest surviving examples of Ottonian architecture is St.
  • Cyriakus is one of the few surviving examples of Ottonian architecture and combines Carolingian elements with innovations that anticipate Romanesque architecture.