validity

Examples of validity in the following topics:

• The Psychology of Recruiting and Selecting Employees

  • Measures have different types of validity that capture different qualities.
  • There are three major types of validity: content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity.
  • Content validity refers to how comprehensively the measure assesses the underlying construct that it claims to assess.
  • Construct validity refers to whether the measure accurately assesses the underlying construct that it claims to assess.
  • An example of a measure with debatable construct validity is IQ testing.

• Non-normal point estimates

  • The sample size is too small for the normal approximation to be valid;
  • For each case where the normal approximation is not valid, our first task is always to understand and characterize the sampling distribution of the point estimate or test statistic.

• Measurement

  • The three most common types of validity are face validity, empirical validity, and construct validity.
  • We consider these types of validity below.
  • Predictive validity (sometimes called empirical validity) refers to a test's ability to predict a relevant behavior.
  • Construct validity is more difficult to define.
  • Construct validity can be established by showing a test has both convergent and divergent validity.

• Validity and Reliability of Personality Assessments

  • When it comes to examining the validity and reliability of personality measures, some have better psychometric properties than others.
  • Because of this, objective tests are said to have more validity than projective tests.
  • The result is that the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire has excellent reliability and validity.
  • This is one reason why horoscopes continue to be popular and trusted despite their lack of reliability or validity.
  • Evaluate the concepts of validity and reliability in the context of personality assessment

• Conclusion

  • When learners go into critical reflection they have sufficient evidence to accept the validity of the new concept and to change their meaning perspectives or schemes.

• Milton Friedman

  • The body of "substantive hypotheses" or theory is primarily to yield "valid and meaningful (i.e. not truistic) predictions about phenomena not yet observed" (Ibid).
  • The only test of the validity of the hypotheses or theory is its "predictive power for the class of phenomena it is intended to ‘explain. ' If there are alternative hypotheses that may be chosen, Friedman suggests two criteria; simplicity and fruitfulness.
  • The validity of a theory cannot be evaluated on the basis of the reality of the assumptions, rather a

• Purpose of appraisals and creating an appropriate appraisal process

  • Drucker suggests that the objectives of any employee can be validated if they pass the following six tests (Management by Objectives—SMART, 2007):
  • If an objective meets these criteria, it is considered a valid dimension on which to gauge performance.
  • The standards on which the objective is compared with should also be validated using the SMART method.

• Liquidation Preference

  • A party who had a valid contract for the purchase of land against the company may be able to obtain an order for specific performance and compel the liquidator to transfer title to the land to them, upon tender of the purchase price.
  • Property which is in the possession of the company, but which was supplied under a valid retention of title clause will generally have to be returned to the supplier.
  • Before the claims are met, secured creditors are entitled to enforce their claims against the assets of the company to the extent that they are subject to a valid security interest.
  • For example, a party who had a valid contract for the purchase of land against the company may be able to obtain an order for specific performance and compel the liquidator to transfer title to the land to them, upon tender of the purchase price.

• Resonance

  • For example, the nitrate ion, NO3-, has more than one valid Lewis structure.
  • Therefore, three valid resonance structures can be drawn.
  • The nitrate ion has three valid contributing structures that vary according to the placement of the electrons.

• Randomization for two-way tables and chi-square

  • This randomization approach is valid for any sized sample, and it will be more accurate for cases where one or more expected bin counts do not meet the minimum threshold of 5.