urinary tract infection

Examples of urinary tract infection in the following topics:

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

  • A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection affecting the urinary tract; about 150 million people develop UTIs each year.
  • About 150 million people develop a urinary tract infection each year.
  • A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.
  • Lower urinary tract infection is also referred to as a bladder infection.
  • These changes are indicative of a urinary tract infection.

• Cystitis

  • Cystitis is a urinary bladder inflammation that is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract infection.
  • A urinary tract infection (UTI), a bacterial infection that affects the lower urinary tract, is also known as a simple cystitis (a bladder infection).
  • It is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection in which case it is referred to as a urinary tract infection.
  • In sexually active women the most common cause of urinary tract infection is from E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
  • This disease can cause chronic urinary tract infections.

• Pyelonephritis

  • Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney tissue and surrounding area, commonly caused by a bacterial infection ascending up the upper urinary tract.
  • It is commonly caused by bacterial infection that has spread up the urinary tract or travelled through the bloodstream to the kidneys.
  • Severe cases of pyelonephritis can lead to pyonephrosis (pus accumulation around the kidney), sepsis (a systemic inflammatory response of the body to infection), kidney failure and even death.

• Microorganisms in the Hospital

  • Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream, and other parts of the body.
  • A nosocomial infection, also known as a hospital-acquired infection or HAI, is an infection whose development is favoured by a hospital environment, such as one acquired by a patient during a hospital visit, or one developed among hospital staff.
  • Such infections include fungal and bacterial infections, and are aggravated by the reduced resistance of individual patients.
  • Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream, and other parts of the body.
  • HAP is the second most common nosocomial infection (urinary tract infection is the most common), and accounts for 15-20% of the total.

• Spermicides

  • These include irritation, itching, or the sensation of burning of the sex organs of either partner, and in women, urinary tract infections, yeast infection, and bacterial vaginosis.
  • However, condoms that are spermicidally lubricated by the manufacturer have a shorter shelf life and may cause urinary-tract infections in women.

• Urinalysis

  • R&M is used specifically for culturing bacteria found in urine, which can make it an important tool for diagnosing specific urinary tract infections.
  • The numbers and types of cells and/or material, such as urinary casts, can yield a great detail of information and may suggest a specific diagnosis.
  • A urinary cast is any tiny structure found in urine that consists of multiple molecules or cells bound together.
  • Bacterial casts are associated with urinary tract infection; the cast may be cultured in order to identify the causative organism of the cast.

• Aging and the Urinary System

  • The kidneys are part of the urinary system, which also includes the ureters and the bladder.
  • Aging also increases the risk for urinary disorders such as acute and chronic kidney failure, urinary incontinence, leakage, or retention, bladder, and other urinary tract infections.
  • Urinary system cancers are associated with advanced age and are more common in the elderly, especially prostate cancer (men) and bladder cancer.
  • Summarize the changes that may occur in the urinary system with aging

• Urethra

  • The urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for the removal of fluids from the body.
  • As the urethra is shorter in females relative to males, they are more vulnerable to bacterial urinary tract infections.
  • Semen does not flow through the bladder or the rest of the urinary tract, instead it is a fluid made of sperm cells and other fluids that passes through a few different glands from the testes to the urethra through the vas deferens.
  • Describe the location and function of the urethra as part of the urinary system

• Pathogenic Escherichia coli

  • In humans, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis can occur.
  • Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is responsible for approximately 90% of urinary tract infections (UTI) seen in individuals with ordinary anatomy.
  • In ascending infections, fecal bacteria colonize the urethra and spread up the urinary tract to the bladder, as well as to the kidneys (causing pyelonephritis), or the prostate in males.
  • Uropathogenic E. coli use P fimbriae (pyelonephritis-associated pili) to bind urinary tract endothelial cells and colonize the bladder.
  • Descending infections in turn, though relatively rare, occur when E. coli cells enter the upper urinary tract organs (kidneys, bladder or ureters) from the blood stream.

• Bacterial Infections of the Heart

  • Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the inner surface of the heart or heart valves caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood.
  • The lack of blood supply to the valves also has implications for treatment, since drugs also have difficulty reaching the infected valve.
  • Bacteremia caused by dental procedures (in most cases due to streptococci viridans, which reside in oral cavity), such as a cleaning or extraction of a tooth and from procedures involving the gastrointestinal or urinary tract can cause bacterial endocarditis.
  • The chance that these signs and symptoms are caused by endocarditis is more likely if they occur soon after a dental cleaning or procedure involving the gastrointestinal or urinary tract.
  • Antibiotics are continued for a long time, typically two to six weeks depending on the characteristics of the infection and the causative microorganisms.