Thomas Gregory

Examples of Thomas Gregory in the following topics:

• Civil Liberties in Wartime

  • President Wilson and his Attorney General, Thomas Watts Gregory, viewed the legislation as a political compromise.
  • Attorney General Thomas Gregory instructed Postmaster General Albert Burleson to censure and, if necessary, discontinue delivery of anti-American or pro-German mailings including letters, magazines and newspapers.
  • Attorney General Gregory supported the work of the American Protective League (APL), which was one of the many patriotic associations that sprang up to support the war and, in coordination with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, identify anti-war organizations and those it deemed slackers, spies or draft dodgers.

• Photography in the Latter 20th Century

  • Since the 1970s, artists like Cindy Sherman, Thomas Ruff, and Thomas Demand have been described as conceptual.
  • Photographers such as Gregory Crewdson, and Jeff Wall are noted for the quality of their staged pictures.

• The Western Schism

  • The Schism in the Western Roman Church resulted from the return of the papacy to Rome under Gregory XI on January 17, 1377, ending the Avignon Papacy, which had developed a reputation for corruption that estranged major parts of Western Christendom.
  • After Pope Gregory XI died in 1378, the Romans rioted to ensure the election of a Roman for pope.
  • Eventually the cardinals of both factions secured an agreement that Benedict and Pope Gregory XII would meet at Savona.
  • This was endorsed by Gregory XII, Innocent VII's successor in Rome, thus ensuring the legitimacy of any election.
  • The council, advised by the theologian Jean Gerson, secured the resignations of John XXIII and Gregory XII, who resigned in 1415, while excommunicating the claimant who refused to step down, Benedict XIII.

• The Development of Papal Supremacy

  • Pope Gregory I (c. 540–604) administered the church with strict reform.
  • Gregory was from an ancient senatorial family, and worked with the stern judgement and discipline typical of ancient Roman rule.
  • Unlike some of those predecessors, Gregory was compelled to face the collapse of imperial authority in northern Italy.
  • It was distinguished, first, by Gregory VII's bold attack after 1075 on the traditional practices whereby the emperor had controlled appointments to the higher church offices.
  • Pope Gregory I (c. 540–604) who established medieval themes in the church, in a painting by Carlo Saraceni, c. 1610, Rome.

• The Investiture Controversy

  • The Investiture Controversy began as a power struggle between Pope Gregory VII (1072–85) and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1056–1106).
  • In 1075, Pope Gregory VII composed the Dictatus Papae.
  • He reacted to this declaration by sending Gregory VII a letter in which he withdrew his imperial support of Gregory as pope in no uncertain terms.
  • Nevertheless, Henry V chose one more antipope, Gregory VIII.
  • Later, he renounced some of the rights of investiture with the Concordat of Worms, abandoned Gregory, and was received back into communion and recognized as legitimate emperor as a result.

• The Catholic Church

  • Pope Gregory the Great played a notable role in these conversions and dramatically reformed the ecclesiastical structures and administration, which then launched renewed missionary efforts.
  • Other major religions in the East, such as Judaism and Islam, had similar prohibitions, but Pope Gregory III vehemently disagreed.
  • They were entirely pagan, having never been part of the Empire, and although they experienced Christian influence from the surrounding peoples, they were converted by the mission of Saint Augustine sent by Pope Gregory the Great.

• Beatus Manuscripts

  • This was painted c. 1050 A.D. as an illustration to Beatus's work at the Abbey of Saint-Sever in Aquitaine, on the order of Gregori de Montaner, Abbot from 1028 to 1072 A.D.

• Genocide

  • Genocide scholars such as Gregory Stanton have postulated various conditions and acts that often occur before, during, and after genocide.
  • Match at least 4 of the 8 stages of genocide (according to Gregory Stanton) with a real life example

• The American Enlightenment

  • Politically, the age is distinguished by an emphasis on liberty, democracy, republicanism, and religious tolerance – culminating in the writings of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson and the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence.
  • Deism greatly influenced intellectuals and several noteworthy 18th-century Americans, such as John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson.
  • The most articulate exponent was Thomas Paine, whose writing The Age of Reason was written in France in the early 1790s and soon reached America.
  • Thomas Paine's Common Sense, published at the outset of the American Revolution, drew heavily on the theories of on Locke and is largely considered one of the most virulent attacks on political despotism.
  • The culmination of these enlightenment ideas occurred with Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, in which he declared:

• Jefferson, Slavery, and Race

  • Thomas Jefferson, though an advocate of freedom and equality, owned and fathered slaves.
  • Thomas Jefferson was born into the planter class of a "slave society" in which slavery was the main means of labor production and elite slaveholders were the ruling class.
  • In 1768, Thomas Jefferson began to use his slaves to construct a neoclassical mansion known as Monticello.
  • Some historians have claimed that, as a Representative to the Continental Congress, Thomas Jefferson wrote an amendment or bill that would abolish slavery.
  • Evaluate Thomas Jefferson’s changing views on slavery in the United States