The Fourteenth Amendment

(noun)

A constitutional amendment that provided the basis for equal protection under the law for all citizens, including newly freed slaves.

Related Terms

Examples of The Fourteenth Amendment in the following topics:

  • Nationalizing the Bill of Rights

    • According to the doctrine of incorporation, the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment applies the Bill of Rights to the states.
    • Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment and the development of the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court held in Barron v.
    • However, beginning in the 1920s, a series of United States Supreme Court decisions interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to "incorporate" most portions of the Bill of Rights, making these portions, for the first time, enforceable against the state governments.
    • After the Fourteenth Amendment was passed, the Supreme Court debated how to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state legislation.
    • The Fourteenth Amendment, depicted here, allowed for the incorporation of the First Amendment against the states.

  • The Reconstruction Amendments

    • The Fourteenth Amendment provided the foundation of equal rights for all U.S. citizens, including African Americans.
    • The Fourteenth Amendment, proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868, guaranteed U.S. citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and granted them federal civil rights.
    • The Fourteenth Amendment, adopted on July 9, 1868, was the second of three Reconstruction Amendments.
    • The framers of the Fourteenth Amendment added this amendment to the Constitution for two reasons.
    • The Fourteenth Amendment, depicted here, allowed for the incorporation of the First Amendment against the states.

  • Incorporation Doctrine

    • Bill of Rights to the states, by virtue of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution.
    • Some argue that the intention of the creator of the Fourteenth Amendment was to overturn this precedent.
    • The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.
    • The Fourteenth Amendment has vastly expanded civil rights protections and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment to the U.S.
    • The Fourteenth Amendment, depicted here, allowed for the incorporation of the First Amendment against the states.

  • The 14th Amendment

    • The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.
    • All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
    • But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
    • The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
    • Summarize each of the four main sections of the 14th Amendment

  • Laissez-Faire and the Supreme Court

    • Supreme Court case that held that the notion of a "liberty of contract" was implicit in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
    • Lochner's appeal was based on the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which provides the following: "... nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law."
    • Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court established that the Due Process Clause (found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments) is not merely a procedural guarantee, but also a substantive limitation on the type of control the government may exercise over individuals.
    • Seven years earlier, the Supreme Court had accepted the argument that the Due Process Clause protected the right to contract in Allgeyer v.
    • He also attacked the idea that the Fourteenth Amendment protected the unbridled liberty of contract, writing that, "[t]he Fourteenth Amendment does not enact Mr.

  • The Sixth Amendment and Jury Trials

    • The Sixth Amendment U.S.
    • The Sixth Amendment (Amendment VI) to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights, which sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions.
    • The Supreme Court has applied the protections of this amendment to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
    • When, under the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court extended the right to a trial by jury to defendants in state courts, it re-examined some of the standards.
    • Although on the basis of history and precedent the Sixth Amendment mandates unanimity in a federal jury trial, the Supreme Court has ruled that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, while requiring States to provide jury trials for serious crimes, does not incorporate all the elements of a jury trial within the meaning of the Sixth Amendment and does not require jury unanimity.

  • The First Amendment

    • The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights and protects American civil liberties.
    • Originally, the First Amendment applied only to laws enacted by the Congress.
    • This was done through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment .
    • The Fourteenth Amendment, depicted here, allowed for the incorporation of the First Amendment against the states.
    • The First Amendment to the Constitution guarantees Americans the right to a free press.

  • The First and Fourth Amendments and Issues of Terrorism and Security

    • Ohio, 1961, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment applies to the states by way of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
    • The Fourth Amendment has been held to mean that a warrant must be judicially sanctioned for a search or an arrest.
    • The Fourth Amendment applies to governmental searches and seizures.
    • Ohio, 1961, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment applies to states by way of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
    • Publicizing information as part of the First Amendment has produced legal and security repercussions between the citizens and the government.

  • The Fourth Amendment and Search and Seizure

    • The Fourth Amendment to the U.S.
    • The court held that constructive searches are limited by the Fourth Amendment, while actual searches and seizures require a warrant based on "probable cause."
    • The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is the part of the Bill of Rights ([fig:9477]]) guarding against unreasonable searches and seizures, as well as requiring any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.
    • The Fourth Amendment applies to the states by way of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
    • Describe the the historical circumstances that generated the Fourth Amendment and the protections the Amendment affords

  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and the Movement for Women's Suffrage

    • Women's suffrage in the United States was achieved gradually, at state and local levels, during the late 19th century and early 20th century, culminating in 1920 with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which gave women the right to vote.
    • Their object was to secure an amendment to the Constitution in favor of women's suffrage, and they opposed passage of the Fifteenth Amendment unless it was changed to guarantee to women the right to vote.
    • After the American Civil War, both Stanton and Anthony broke with their abolitionist backgrounds and lobbied strongly against ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the US Constitution, which granted African American men the right to vote.
    • In the decade following ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, both Stanton and Anthony increasingly took the position, first advocated by Victoria Woodhull, that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments actually did give women the right to vote.
    • They argued that the Fourteenth Amendment, which defined citizens as "all persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof," included women and that the Fifteenth Amendment provided all citizens with the right to vote.