temperament

Examples of temperament in the following topics:

• Tempera

  • Tempera paint, also known as egg tempera, is a water-soluble paint made from a mixture of pigment in an egg yolk binder.
  • Tempera paint, also known as egg tempera, is a water-soluble paint made from a mixture of pigment in an egg yolk binder.
  • Tempera paint dries very quickly to a permanent, matte finish.
  • In fact, the colors of an unvarnished tempera painting resemble a pastel palette.
  • This tempera painting by the artist William Blake illustrates the Book of Job.

• Temperament

  • NOTE: Historically, there has been some confusion as to whether or not well temperament and equal temperament are the same thing, possibly because well temperaments were sometimes referred to at the time as "equal temperament".
  • But these well temperaments made all keys equally useful, not equal-sounding as modern equal temperament does.
  • In modern times, well temperaments have been replaced by equal temperament, so much so in Western music that equal temperament is considered standard tuning even for voice and for instruments that are more likely to play using just intonation when they can (see above).
  • In equal temperament, only octaves are pure intervals.
  • As mentioned above, just intonation is sometimes substituted for equal temperament when practical, and some musicians would also like to reintroduce well temperaments, at least for performances of music which was composed with well temperament in mind.

• A Comparison of Equal Temperament with the Harmonic Series

  • In equal temperament, the only pure interval is the octave.
  • Equal temperament and pure intervals are calculated as decimals and compared to each other.
  • A cent is 1/100 (the hundredth root) of an equal-temperament semitone.
  • Comparing the Frequency Ratios for Equal Temperament and Pure Harmonic Series
  • The ratios for equal temperament are all multiples of the twelfth root of two.

• Further Study

  • The Huygens-Fokker Foundation has a very large on-line bibliography (http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/bibliography.html) of tuning and temperament.
  • A number of YouTube videos provide comparisons that you can listen to, for example comparisons of just intonation and equal temperament, or comparisons of various temperaments.

• Introduction

  • In fact, the modern Western tuning system, which is called equal temperament, replaced (relatively recently) other tuning systems that were once popular in Europe.
  • If you need to review the mathematicalconcepts, please see Musical Intervals, Frequency, and Ratio and Powers, Roots, and Equal Temperament.
  • Meanwhile, here is a reasonably nontechnical summary of the information below: Modern Western music uses the equal temperament tuning system.
  • But a careful hearing of the music, or a look at the physics of the sound waves involved, reveals that equal-temperament pitches are not based on the harmonics physically produced by any musical sound.
  • This often leads to some "tweaking" of the tuning in real performances, away from equal temperament.

• How Emotion and Mood Influence Behavior

  • Emotion and mood can affect temperament, personality, disposition, motivation, and initial perspectives and reactions.
  • Emotions and mood can affect temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation.
  • Emotions are reciprocal with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation.

• Oil Painting

  • Oil paint eventually became the principal medium used for creating artworks, and by the height of the Renaissance had almost completely replaced tempera paints in the majority of Europe, although southern Italians continued to use frescoes for wall paintings.
  • Surfaces like shields — both those used in tournaments and those hung as decorations — were more durable when painted in oil-based media than when painted in the traditional tempera paints.
  • Oil painting also allowed for a more subtle rendition of light and a deeper color saturation than could be acheived with tempera.
  • Compare and contrast oil painting with earlier techniques, such as tempera.

• Are We Prisoners of Socialization?

  • According to this belief, our temperaments, interests, and talents are set before birth.
  • Instances of this type of situation are rare, but studying the degree to which identical twins raised apart are the same and different can give researchers insight into how our temperaments, preferences, and abilities are shaped by our genetic makeup versus our social environment.
  • Studies like these point to the genetic roots of our temperament and behavior.

• Frequency and Interval

  • In fact, modern Western music uses the equal temperament tuning system, which divides the octave into twelve notes that are equally far apart.
  • (They do have the same frequency ratios, unlike the half steps in the harmonic series. ) The positive aspect of equal temperament (and the reason it is used) is that an instrument will be equally in tune in all keys.
  • For more about equal temperament, see Tuning Systems.

• Beats and Wide Tuning

  • The beats are so regular, in fact, that they can be timed; for equal temperament they are on the order of a beat per second in the mid range of a piano.
  • A piano tuner works by listening to and timing these beats, rather than by being able to "hear" equal temperament intervals precisely.