arousal

Examples of arousal in the following topics:

• Arousal Theory of Motivation

  • On the other hand, if we are over-aroused, we will engage in behaviors to reduce our arousal (Berlyne, 1960).
  • Research shows that moderate arousal is generally best; when arousal is very high or very low, performance tends to suffer.
  • Their arousal level is too high.
  • This is an example of how arousal theory works.
  • Performance is maximized at the optimal level of arousal, and it tapers off during under- and over-arousal.

• James–Lange Theory of Emotion

  • According to the James–Lange theory of emotion, emotions arise from physiological arousal.
  • Different arousal patterns would be associated with different feelings.
  • The James–Lange theory of emotion states that emotions arise as a result of physiological arousal.
  • Two factor theory views emotion as a compound of two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.
  • Describe the relationship between emotion and arousal according to the James–Lange theory

• Female Sexual Response

  • Female sexual arousal causes physiological changes including more blood flow to the genitals and enlargement and lubrication of the vagina.
  • Sexual arousal (also sexual excitement) is the arousal of sexual desire, during or in anticipation of sexual activity.
  • When women are aroused, there is increased blood flow to the nipples, vulva, clitoris, and vaginal walls, as well as increased vaginal lubrication.
  • Reduced estrogen levels may be associated with increased vaginal dryness and less clitoral erection when aroused, but are not directly related to other aspects of sexual interest or arousal.
  • Mental and physical stimuli such as touch, and the internal fluctuation of hormones, can influence sexual arousal.

• Male Sexual Response

  • The erection of the penis is commonly correlated with male sexual arousal.
  • The relationship between erection and arousal is not one-to-one.
  • The intensity and duration of the refractory period can be very short in a highly aroused young man in a highly-arousing situation, perhaps without even a noticeable loss of erection.
  • Several hormones affect sexual arousal, including testosterone, cortisol, and estradiol.
  • Testosterone is the most commonly-studied hormone involved with sexuality, and it plays a key role in sexual arousal in males, with strong effects on central arousal mechanisms.

• Schachter–Singer Theory of Emotion (Two-Factor Theory)

  • The Schachter–Singer theory views emotion as the result of the interaction between two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.
  • Like the James–Lange and Cannon–Bard theories, the Schachter–Singer theory of emotion (also known as the two-factor theory) attempts to explain emotion as it relates to physiological arousal.
  • According to the Schacter–Singer theory, emotion results from the interaction between two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.
  • More specifically, this theory claims that physiological arousal is cognitively interpreted within the context of each situation, which ultimately produces the emotional experience.
  • The Schachter–Singer theory views emotion as resulting from the interaction of two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.

• Cannon–Bard Theory of Emotion

  • The Cannon–Bard theory of emotion argues that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously but independently.
  • While the James–Lange theory proposes that emotions arise from physical arousal the Cannon–Bard theory argues that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently (Lang, 1994).
  • The Cannon–Bard theory states that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently.

• Social Context and Sexual Behavior

  • Sexual activity normally results in sexual arousal and physiological changes in the aroused person, some of which are pronounced while others are more subtle.
  • Sexual activity also includes conduct and activities which are intended to arouse the sexual interest of another, such as strategies to find or attract partners (mating and display behavior), and personal interactions between individuals, such as flirting and foreplay.

• Autonomic Reflexes

  • The ANS affects heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupillary dilation, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal.
  • Everyday examples include breathing, swallowing, and sexual arousal, and in some cases functions such as heart rate.
  • A more modern characterization used is that the sympathetic nervous system is a "quick response mobilising system" and the parasympathetic is a "more slowly activated dampening system"; but even this also has exceptions, such as in sexual arousal and orgasm where both play a role.

• Defining Emotion

  • Emotions are subjective experiences that involve physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal.
  • Emotions are subjective states of being that, physiologically speaking, involve physiological arousal, psychological appraisal and cognitive processes, subjective experiences, and expressive behavior.

• Comparing the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

  • Examples of body process controlled by the ANS include heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupillary dilation, urination, and sexual arousal.
  • The ANS affects heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupillary dilation, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal.