Strategic bombing

Examples of Strategic bombing in the following topics:

• The Strategic Bombing of Europe

  • The Royal Air Force (RAF) carried out its first strategic bombing raid on Germany at Mönchengladbach on May 11, 1940.
  • The United States strategic bombing of Japan took place between 1942 and 1945.
  • At the beginning of the combined strategic bombing offensive on March 4, 1943, 669 RAF and 303 USAAF heavy bombers were available.
  • This was to be the real significance of the Allied strategic bombing campaign—resource allocation.
  • The United States Strategic Bombing Survey concluded that the bombing was not stiffening morale but seriously depressing it; fatalism, apathy, defeatism were apparent in bombed areas.

• "Americanizing" the Vietnam War

  • Operation Rolling Thunder was the code name given to a sustained strategic bombing campaign targeted against the North by aircraft of the U.S.
  • U.S. airpower would act as a method of "strategic persuasion," deterring the North Vietnamese politically by the fear of continued or increased bombardment.
  • After more than a million sorties were flown and three-quarters of a million tons of bombs were dropped, Rolling Thunder ended on November 11, 1968.
  • The US launched Operation Rolling Thunder, a strategic bombing campaign of North Vietnam in 1965.

• The Final Ledger of Deaths

  • Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, other war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease.
  • The mass-bombing of civilian areas, notably the cities of Warsaw, Rotterdam and London, including the aerial targeting of hospitals and fleeing refugees[335] by the German Luftwaffe, along with the bombing of Tokyo, and German cities of Dresden, Hamburg and Cologne by the Western Allies may be considered as war crimes.

• The Battle of Britain

  • As the battle progressed, the Luftwaffe also targeted factories involved in aircraft production and strategic infrastructure and, eventually, it employed terror bombing on areas of political significance and civilians.
  • However, Nazi Germany continued bombing operations on Britain, known as the Blitz.
  • Neither was the Luftwaffe equipped to carry out strategic bombing; the lack of a heavy bomber and poor intelligence on British industry denied it the ability to prevail.
  • The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy.
  • In comparison to the later Allied bombing campaign against Germany, the Blitz resulted in relatively few casualties; the British bombing of Hamburg in July 1943 inflicted some 42,000 civilian deaths, about the same as the entire Blitz.

• The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• The Nuclear Arms Race

  • In August 1945, on Truman's orders, two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
  • While American experts had predicted that the Soviet Union would not have nuclear weapons until the mid-1950s, the first Soviet bomb was detonated on August 29, 1949, shocking the entire world.
  • The bomb, named "Joe One" by the West, was more or less a copy of "Fat Man," one of the bombs the United States had dropped on Japan in 1945.
  • After this test, both governments spent massive amounts to increase the quality and quantity of their nuclear arsenals, and quickly began the development of a hydrogen bomb
  • Missiles had long been regarded the ideal platform for nuclear weapons, and were potentially a more effective delivery system than strategic bombers, which were the primary delivery method at the beginning of the Cold War.

• The Hydrogen Bomb

  • The hydrogen bomb is a nuclear weapon that uses a mixture of fission and fusion to produce a massive explosion.
  • This indirectly results in a greatly increased energy yield, i.e., the bomb's "power."
  • This type of weapon is referred to as a hydrogen bomb, or H-bomb, because it employs hydrogen fusion.
  • The most common bomb design that employs these features is called the Teller-Ulam configuration.
  • It should be noted that no hydrogen bomb has ever been used during the course of an actual war.

• Nuclear Weapons

  • ., "atomic") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT).
  • Thus, even a small nuclear device no larger than traditional bombs can devastate an entire city by blast, fire and radiation.
  • The first nuclear weapons were gravity bombs, such as this "Fat Man" weapon dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.
  • The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan (August 9,1945) rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the bomb's hypocenter.
  • Explain the difference between an "atomic" bomb and a "hydrogen" bomb, discussing their history

• Constant-Volume Calorimetry

  • Constant-volume calorimeters, such as bomb calorimeters, are used to measure the heat of combustion of a reaction.
  • Then, we would evacuate all the air out of the bomb before pumping in pure oxygen gas (O2).
  • Since the volume is constant for a bomb calorimeter, there is no pressure-volume work.
  • A schematic representation of a bomb calorimeter used for the measurement of heats of combustion.
  • The weighed sample is placed in a crucible, which in turn is placed in the bomb.

• The Atomic Bomb

  • Atomic bombs are nuclear weapons that use the energetic output of nuclear fission to produce massive explosions.
  • Atomic bombs are nuclear weapons that use the energetic output of nuclear fission to produce massive explosions.
  • These bombs are in contrast to hydrogen bombs, which use both fission and fusion to power their greater explosive potential.
  • These two bombings resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000 Japanese people—mostly civilians.
  • Two methods have been applied to induce the nuclear chain reaction that produces the explosion of an atomic bomb.