spoils system

Examples of spoils system in the following topics:

• Jackson's Appointments and Rivalries

  • In American politics, a spoils system (or patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory.
  • President after president continued to use the spoils system to encourage citizens to vote in a particular way.
  • In state and local governments, the spoils system survived much longer.
  • Modern variations on the spoils system are often described as "the political machine."
  • Describe the creation of the spoils system and its eventual reform

• Corruption and Reform: Hayes to Harrison

  • The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in ended the spoils system at the federal level in 1883.
  • A spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for their support and as an incentive to keep working for the party (as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of merit independent of political activity).
  • Proponents denounced the spoils system as corrupt and inefficient.
  • The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in ended the spoils system at the federal level in 1883 and created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to evaluate job candidates on a nonpartisan merit basis.
  • While few jobs were initially covered under the law, it allowed the President to transfer jobs and their current holders into the system, thus giving the holder a permanent job.

• Civil Service Reform

  • Hayes took office determined to reform the system of civil service appointments, which had been based on the spoils system since Andrew Jackson was president.
  • Immediately, Hayes's call for reform brought him into conflict with the Stalwarts, a pro-spoils branch of the Republican party.
  • Although he could not convince Congress to outlaw the spoils system, Hayes issued an executive order that forbade federal office holders from being required to make campaign contributions or otherwise taking part in party politics.
  • To enforce the merit system and the judicial system, the law also created the United States Civil Service Commission.
  • When Arthur succeeded Garfield, reformers feared that Arthur, as a product of the spoils system, would not devote his administration's energy to continuing the investigation into the Postal Service scandal.

• Bureaucratic Reform

  • By the 1830s, the "spoils system" referred to the systematic replacement of office holders every time the government changed party hands.
  • It eventually placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system. " Drafted during the Chester A.
  • Civil service laws have consistently protected federal employees from political influence, and critics of the system complained that it was impossible for managers to improve performance and implement changes recommended by political leaders.

• Garfield and Arthur

  • As president, Chester Arthur continued many of the reforms of his predecessor, though he had benefited from the spoils system himself.
  • However, reformers of the time criticized the patronage structure and the moiety system as corrupt.
  • Congress repealed the moiety system and put the staff, including Arthur, on regular salary.
  • When he succeeded Garfield, reformers feared that Arthur, as a product of the spoils system, would not devote his administration's energy to continuing the investigation into the Post Office scandal.
  • To enforce the merit system and the judicial system, the law also created the United States Civil Service Commission.

• Cleveland and the Special Interests

  • As president, Grover Cleveland worked to eradicate spoils jobs from the government with limited success.
  • These jobs were typically filled under the spoils system, but Cleveland announced that he would not fire any Republican who was doing his job well.

• Introduction to Benevolent Dictators

  • These features are even more important in self-organizing systems than in centrally-controlled ones, because in self-organizing systems, everyone is conscious that a few bad apples can spoil the whole barrel, at least for a while.

• Warehousing

  • Pallets and products move on a system of automated conveyors, cranes, and automated storage and retrieval systems coordinated by programmable logic controllers and computers running logistics automation software.
  • These systems are often installed in refrigerated warehouses where temperatures are kept very cold to keep product from spoiling, especially in electronics warehouses where they require specific temperatures to avoid damaging the parts, and also where land is expensive, as automated storage systems can use vertical space efficiently.
  • Automated storage systems can be built up to 40m high.
  • It involves the physical warehouse infrastructure, tracking systems, and communication between product stations.
  • Warehouse management systems often utilize Auto ID Data Capture (AIDC) technology, such as barcode scanners, mobile computers, wireless LANs and potentially radio-frequency identification (RFID) to efficiently monitor the flow of products.

• Internal Controls

  • Internal controls over a company's inventory are meant to ensure that management has an accurate count of what materials and goods it has available for sale and to protect those goods from being spoiled, stolen or otherwise made unavailable for sale.
  • This process is affected by the company's structure, its employees, and its informational systems.
  • When the company receives that material, the amount should be noted in the inventory management system.
  • The auditor will then compare the count to the related information in the inventory management system.
  • Explain how a company would use storage, inventory management systems and inventory counts to control inventory

• Desiccation

  • Preservation is possible because the greatly reduced water content inhibits the action of microorganisms and enzymes that would normally spoil or degrade the substance.
  • New freeze dryer which is equipped with systems for immediate feedback on the properties of the dried product, eliminating the lengthy trial-and-error approach.