patronage

Examples of patronage in the following topics:

• Private Patronage

  • Patronage is the support, usually in reference to financial aid, that one individual or organization bestows to another.
  • Since ancient times, patronage of the arts has been important to the development of many artistic movements, works, and styles.
  • With strong ties to the medieval period, patronage of the arts tended to arise whenever imperial rule dominated a significant share of resources.
  • Throughout time, rulers and wealthy people have used patronage of the arts to support their political and social positions in society.
  • The patronage system continues across many artistic fields today, however, the nature of the sponsors has changed.

• Art and Patronage

  • Lorenzo de' Medici (1449–1492) was the catalyst for an enormous amount of arts patronage, encouraging his countrymen to commission works from the leading artists of Florence, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti.
  • Indeed, Lorenzo was an artist in his own right, and author of poetry and song; his support of the arts and letters is seen as a high point in Medici patronage.
  • Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by Ferdinando II, when the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy.
  • Discuss the relationship between art, patronage, and politics during the Renaissance

• Jackson's Democratic Agenda

  • Jacksonian democracy was built on the general principles of expanded suffrage, manifest destiny, patronage, strict constructionism, Laissez-Faire capitalism, and opposition to the Second Bank of the United States.
  • Also known as the spoils system, patronage was the policy of appointing political supporters to government offices.
  • Patronage was thought to be good because it would encourage the common man's participation in politics and make politicians more accountable for government services.

• City Government and the "Bosses"

  • Parties set up citywide political machines that brought together public officials and business leaders in a system of patronage and support.
  • It was in the party machines' interests, however, only to maintain a minimally winning amount of support because once they were in the majority and could count on a win, there was less need to recruit new members, as this only meant a thinner spread of the patronage rewards for the party members.
  • Tammany Hall's electoral base lay predominantly with New York's burgeoning immigrant constituency, which often exchanged political support for Tammany Hall's patronage.
  • The patronage Tammany Hall provided to immigrants, many of whom lived in extreme poverty and received little government assistance, covered three key areas.

• Painting

  • Early Christian art is the art produced by Christians or under Christian patronage from about the year 100 AD to about the year 500 AD.
  • Early Christian art is the art produced by Christians or under Christian patronage from about the year 100 CE to about the year 500 CE.

• Corruption and Reform: Hayes to Harrison

  • A spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for their support and as an incentive to keep working for the party (as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of merit independent of political activity).
  • An unintended result was that parties began to rely on funding from business, since they could no longer depend on patronage hopefuls.
  • Before the Civil Service Reform Act (Pendleton Act) was passed in 1883, civil service appointments were given based on a patronage system; that is, those who were loyal to an individual or party were rewarded with government jobs.

• Context of Creation

  • Patronage of the arts has been used throughout history to endorse the ambitions and agenda of these institutions and individuals, and has been particularly important in the creation of religious art.
  • Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican City under the patronage of Pope Julius II between 1508 and 1512.

• The Jackson Presidency

  • Jacksonian democracy was built on the principles of expanded suffrage, Manifest Destiny, patronage, strict constructionism, and laissez-faire economics.
  • Also known as the "spoils system," patronage was the policy of placing political supporters into appointed offices.
  • It was theorized that patronage would encourage political participation by the common man and would make a politician more accountable for poor government service by his appointees.
  • However, patronage often led to the hiring of incompetent and sometimes corrupt officials due to the emphasis on party loyalty above any other qualifications.

• Reform and the Election of 1872

  • Grant had supported a patronage system that allowed Republicans to infiltrate and control state governments.
  • In response to President Grant's federal patronage, in 1870, Senator Carl Schurz from Missouri, a German immigrant and Civil War hero, started a second party known as the Liberal Republicans.

• Gothic Architecture: La Saint-Chapelle

  • Louis IX's patronage of the arts drove much innovation in Gothic art and architecture.