Sovereign Council

Examples of Sovereign Council in the following topics:

• New France and the Native Americans

  • The Sovereign Council of New France was a political body appointed by the King of France in the 1675 reorganization of the colony of New France.
  • The major officers of the Sovereign Council were the Governor-General, who was responsible for military affairs and diplomatic relations, the Intendant of New France, who was responsible for finance, economic development, and the administration of justice (law and order), and the Bishop of New France, who was responsible for all spiritual matters in the colony.
  • The Intendant served as the presiding officer of the Sovereign Council.
  • In his first term, Frontenac supported the expansion of the fur trade, establishing Fort Frontenac (in what is now Kingston, Ontario) and came into conflict with members of the Sovereign Council over its expansion and over the labor required to build the new forts.
  • The conflict with the Sovereign Council led to his recall in 1682.

• The Nuremberg Trials

  • The second set of trials of lesser war criminals was conducted under Control Council Law No. 10 at the U.S.
  • Political authority for Germany had been transferred to the Allied Control Council which, having sovereign power over Germany, could choose to punish violations of international law and the laws of war.

• Leadership

  • Many African communities were governed and administered by a council of elders.
  • The council would be responsible for mediating conflict, governing the town, and making all important decisions within the community.
  • For many tribes, such as the Balanta people, a person would be initiated into the Council through a ceremony.
  • Elders in Dan society often wore masks that served as agents of social control, enforcing the council's rules and orders.
  • Today, Africa contains 54 sovereign countries, several of which have been hampered by instability, violence, and authoritarianism as native populations fought to capture territory and regain what had been lost during colonialism.

• The European Union

  • Important institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank.
  • It is at the center of the European System of Central Banks, which comprises all EU national central banks and is controlled by its General Council, consisting of the President of the ECB, who is appointed by the European Council, the Vice-President of the ECB, and the governors of the national central banks of all 27 EU member states.
  • The monetary union has been shaken by the European sovereign-debt crisis since 2009.

• The Hohenzollerns

  • Frederick VI of Nuremberg was officially recognized as Margrave and Prince-elector Frederick I of Brandenburg at the Council of Constance in 1415.
  • Legally, Brandenburg was still part of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by the Hohenzollerns in personal union with the Prussian kingdom over which they were fully sovereign.
  • The various territories of the empire acted more or less as de facto sovereign states and only acknowledged the emperor's overlordship over them in a formal way.
  • The feudal designation of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ended with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, which made the Hohenzollerns de jure as well as de facto sovereigns over it.
  • At the Council of Constance in 1415, King Sigismund elevated Frederick to the rank of Elector and Margrave of Brandenburg as Frederick I.

• The Balkans

  • The Serbs, however, considered Kosovo sovereign territory.
  • This war was not approved by the UN administration, General Assembly, or Security Council; it was strongly opposed by Russia and China.

• Peter the Great

  • Consequently, the Boyar Duma (a council of Russian nobles) chose 10-year-old Peter to become Tsar with his mother as regent.
  • Sophia acted as regent during the minority of the sovereigns and exercised all power.
  • It was only when Nataliya died in 1694 that Peter became an independent sovereign and the sole ruler after Ivan's death in 1696.

• Cardinal Mazarin and the Fronde

  • Cardinal Mazarin, for years de facto the ruler of France, continued earlier anti-Habsburg policies, was critical to establishing the Westphalian order of sovereign states, and laid the foundation for Louis XIV's absolutism.
  • After serving in the papal army and diplomatic service and at the French court, he entered the service of France and made himself valuable to King Louis XIII's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, who brought him into the council of state.
  • In May 1648, a tax levied on judicial officers of the Parlement of Paris provoked not merely a refusal to pay but also a condemnation of earlier financial edicts and a demand for the acceptance of a scheme of constitutional reforms framed by a united committee of the parlement (the Chambre Saint-Louis), composed of members of all the sovereign courts of Paris.

• The Three Sovereigns

  • The first part of the Mythical Period was under the rule of the Three Sovereigns, magical demigods who created the human race out of clay and introduced agriculture.
  • These Three Sovereigns—Fuxi, Nüwa, and Shennong—are credited with contributing to the early people's lifestyles in various ways.
  • Describe the rulers of the first part of the Mythical Period, the Three Sovereigns

• Empress Maria-Theresa

  • She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma.
  • In 1760, Maria Theresa created the council of state, which served as a committee of experienced people who advised her.
  • The council lacked executive or legislative authority, but nevertheless showed the difference between the form of government employed by Frederick II of Prussia.