New France

Examples of New France in the following topics:

• New France and Louisiana

  • New France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period from 1534 until the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763.
  • In 1534, Jacques Cartier claimed the first province of New France.
  • In 1627, France invested in New France, promising land parcels to hundreds of new settlers with the hope of turning the area into an important mercantile and farming colony.
  • Samuel Champlain was named governor of New France.
  • France ceded the rest of New France, except the islands of St.

• French Colonialization

  • Several years later, in 1608, Samuel De Champlain founded Quebec, which was to become the capital of the enormous, but sparsely settled, fur-trading colony of New France.
  • New France had a rather small population, and relied heavily on friendly contacts with local Native American communities.
  • Because of this, for most of its history, New France lagged far behind the British North American colonies in both population and economic development.
  • Acadia, a colony of New France that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine to the Kennebec River, was lost to the British in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.
  • Champlain founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608.

• New France and the Native Americans

  • The Sovereign Council of New France was a political body appointed by the King of France in the 1675 reorganization of the colony of New France.
  • The major officers of the Sovereign Council were the Governor-General, who was responsible for military affairs and diplomatic relations, the Intendant of New France, who was responsible for finance, economic development, and the administration of justice (law and order), and the Bishop of New France, who was responsible for all spiritual matters in the colony.
  • The career and policies of Frontenac, Governor of New France from 1672 to 1682 and from 1689 to 1698, illustrates New France's conflicted policies toward Native Americans.
  • As Governor-General of New France, he established a number of forts on the Great Lakes and engaged in a series of battles against both the English and the Iroquois.
  • He died before his second recall to France.

• French Explorers

  • Cartier founded New France by planting a cross on the shore of the Gaspé Peninsula.
  • Prior to the establishment of the 1663 Sovereign Council, the territories of New France were developed as mercantile colonies.
  • However, there was relatively little interest in colonialism in France, which concentrated on dominance within Europe, and for most of its history, New France was far behind the British North American colonies in both population and economic development.
  • New France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence Riverby Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763.
  • It was the first province of New France.

• The Treaty of Paris (1763)

  • France and Spain restored all their conquests to Britain and Portugal.
  • New Orleans on the east side remained in French hands (albeit temporarily).
  • "A new map of North America" produced following the Treaty of Paris (1763), cartogrpahers: Robert Sayer, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', Robert de Vaugondy.
  • The Anglo-French hostilities ended in 1763 by signing the Treaty of Paris, which involved a complex series of land exchanges, the most important being France's cession to Spain of Louisiana, and to Great Britain the rest of New France except for the islands of St.
  • Faced with the choice of retrieving either New France or its Caribbean island colonies of Guadeloupe and Martinique, France chose the latter to retain these lucrative sources of sugar, writing off New France as an unproductive, costly territory.

• The American Revolution

  • The war pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries as well as by American Indians.
  • As a result of the war, France had ceded most of the territories of New France, except the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, to Great Britain and Spain at the Treaty of Paris of 1763.
  • The invasion army under John Burgoyne waited in vain for reinforcements from New York and became trapped in northern New York state.
  • British commander Sir Henry Clinton evacuated Philadelphia to reinforce New York City because of the alliance with France and the deteriorating military situation.
  • Although France lost St.

• France and Spain in the Revolutionary War

  • In 1777, news of the Patriot victory at the Battle of Saratoga was received with great enthusiasm in France.
  • As a result, Britain declared war on France on March 17, 1778.
  • France was also instrumental in securing Spain’s involvement in the Revolutionary War.
  • On April 12, 1779, France and Spain signed the Treaty of Aranjuez.
  • In July 1781, Rochambeau's force left Rhode Island, marching across Connecticut to join Washington on the Hudson River at Dobbs Ferry, New York.

• The Quasi-War

  • The Quasi-War was an undeclared naval war fought between France and the United States in the Caribbean Sea.
  • The French seized 316 American merchant ships by June of 1797, and the French Republic refused to receive the new U.S. minister Charles Pinckney when he arrived in Paris in December of 1796.
  • The success of these U.S. naval endeavors was due to the fact that Congress authorized President Adams to acquire, develop, and arm numerous new warships and train naval sailors.
  • Hostilities continued until France experienced another regime change in 1799.
  • The USS Constellation and L'Insurgente battle during the Quasi-War between the United States and France.

• The Peace of Paris

  • France and Spain restored all their conquests to Britain and Portugal.
  • The Treaty of Paris is frequently noted as the point at which France gave Louisiana to Spain.
  • New Orleans, on the east side, remained temporarily in French hands.
  • Green: France, Spain with more.
  • Summarize the land swaps in the New World that marked the conclusion of the Seven Years' War

• Across the Atlantic: France and Britain

  • The Treaty of Alliance with France was a defensive agreement between France and the United States, as shown in .
  • On September 25th, the Continental congress ordered commissioners, led by Benjamin Franklin, to seek a treaty with France based upon Adams' drafts establishment of reciprocal trade relations with France but declined to mention any possible military assistance from the French government.
  • Despite orders to seek no direct military assistance from France, the American commissioners were instructed to acquire most favored nation trading relations with France.
  • Despite an original openness to the alliance, after word of the Declaration of Independence, the French Foreign Minister, Comte de Vergennes, put off signing a formal alliance with the United States after receiving news of British victories over General George Washington in New York.
  • Summarize the circumstances surrounding the signing of the treaty of alliance between France and the United States