somatic

Examples of somatic in the following topics:

• Somatic Symptom Disorders

  • Somatic symptom disorders involve physical symptoms but lack physical evidence of illness or injury.
  • A somatic symptom disorder, formerly known as a somatoform disorder, is a category of mental disorder included in a number of diagnostic schemes of mental illness, including the recent DSM-5 section Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders.
  • Those that do not pass the diagnostic criteria for a somatic symptom disorder but still present physical symptoms are usually referred to as having "somatic preoccupation".
  • Their replacement, somatic symptom disorder, has the following criteria for diagnosis:
  • Somatic symptom disorder is a controversial diagnosis.

• Comparing the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

  • The peripheral nervous system includes both a voluntary, somatic branch and an involuntary branch that regulates visceral functions.
  • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
  • The somatic nervous system (SoNS) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.
  • The somatic nervous system controls all voluntary muscular systems within the body, and also mediates involuntary reflex arcs.
  • The somatic nervous system consists of three parts:

• Localization of Pain

  • Localization of pain is determined by whether the pain is superficial somatic, visceral, or deep somatic.
  • Nociceptive pain may also be divided into visceral, deep somatic, and superficial somatic pain.
  • Deep somatic pain is initiated by the stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, fasciae, and muscles, and is a dull, aching, poorly localized pain.
  • Examples of injuries that produce superficial somatic pain include minor wounds and minor (first degree) burns.

• Sensory-Somatic Nervous System

  • The sensory-somatic nervous system transmits sensory information from the body to the brain and motor movements from the brain to the body.
  • The sensory-somatic nervous system is composed of cranial and spinal nerves and contains both sensory and motor neurons.
  • Without its sensory-somatic nervous system, an animal would be unable to process any information about its environment (what it sees, feels, hears, etc. ) and could not control motor movements.
  • Explain the role of the cranial and spinal nerves in the sensory-somatic nervous system

• The Role of the Cell Cycle

  • While there are a few cells in the body that do not undergo cell division, most somatic cells divide regularly.
  • A somatic cell is a general term for a body cell: all human cells, except for the cells that produce eggs and sperm (which are referred to as germ cells), are somatic cells.
  • Somatic cells contain two copies of each of their chromosomes (one copy received from each parent).

• Somatic Sensory Pathways to the Cerebellum

  • Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, somatic sensation (touch), taste, and olfaction (smell).

• Autonomic Reflexes

  • In these cases, the body will interpret the afferent pain stimulus as somatic.
  • If the peritoneal cavity becomes inflamed or if the bowel is suddenly distended, the body will interpret the afferent pain stimulus as somatic in origin.
  • This schematic (but not anatomically correct) depiction of a typical spinal nerve indicates (1) somatic efferent fibers, (2) somatic afferent fibers, (3 to 5) sympathetic efferent fibers, and (6 and 7) sympathetic afferent fibers.

• Branches of Spinal Nerves

  • The dorsal ramus: Contains nerves that serve the dorsal portions of the trunk carrying visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back.
  • The ventral ramus: Contains nerves that serve the remaining ventral parts of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs carrying visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.

• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  • The PNS can also be divided into two separate systems: the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system.
  • The somatic nervous system keeps the body adept and coordinated, both through reflexes and voluntary action.
  • The somatic nervous system controls systems in areas as diverse as the skin, bones, joints, and skeletal muscles.
  • The information is then sent back via efferent nerves, or nerves that carry instructions from the CNS, back through the somatic system.
  • The somatic system also provides us with reflexes, which are automatic and do not require input or integration from the brain to perform.

• Somatosensation: Pressure, Temperature, and Pain

  • The human sense of touch is known as the somatic or somatosensory system.
  • A somatic system disorder (formerly called a somatoform disorder) is a type of psychological disorder related to the somatosensory system.
  • Somatic system disorders present symptoms of physical pain or illness that cannot be explained by a medical condition, injury, or substance.
  • Illness anxiety disorder: A somatic symptom disorder involving persistent and excessive worry about developing a serious illness.
  • Undifferentiated somatic symptom disorder – only one unexplained symptom is required for at least 6 months.