Examples of sensory neuron in the following topics:
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- The sensory-somatic nervous system is composed of cranial and spinal nerves and contains both sensory and motor neurons.
- Sensory neurons transmit sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscle, and sensory organs to the central nervous system (CNS).
- Each sensory neuron has one projection with a sensory receptor ending in skin, muscle, or sensory organs, and another that synapses with a neuron in the dorsal spinal cord.
- These neurons are usually stimulated by interneurons within the spinal cord, but are sometimes directly stimulated by sensory neurons.
- The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia.
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- A reflex arc defines the pathway by which a reflex travels—from the stimulus to sensory neuron to motor neuron to reflex muscle movement.
- In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord.
- The stimulus, such as a needle stick, stimulates the pain receptors of the skin, which initiate an impulse in a sensory neuron.
- When a reflex arc consists of only two neurons, one sensory neuron, and one motor neuron, it is defined as monosynaptic.
- It causes the stimulation of sensory, association, and motor neurons.
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- There are three primary types of neuron: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
- There are three major types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
- Sensory neurons are neurons responsible for converting external stimuli from the environment into corresponding internal stimuli.
- Most sensory neurons are pseudounipolar, meaning they have an axon that branches into two extensions—one connected to dendrites that receive sensory information and another that transmits this information to the spinal cord.
- Located in the CNS, they operate locally, meaning their axons connect only with nearby sensory or motor neurons.
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- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and neurons that communicate either between subdivisions of the PNS or connect the PNS to the CNS .
- The nervous system has three broad functions: sensory input, information processing, and motor output .
- In the PNS, sensory receptor neurons respond to physical stimuli in our environment, like touch or temperature, and send signals that inform the CNS of the state of the body and the external environment.
- This sensory information is then processed by the CNS, predominantly by the brain.
- Central neurons, which in humans greatly outnumber the sensory and motor neurons, make all of their input and output connections with other neurons.
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- A typical neuron consists of a cell body and neuronal processes such as dendrites and axon.
- These extensions are the conducting region of the neuron.
- The cell body is the major biosynthetic center of the neuron.
- For example, sensory neurons respond to touch, sound, light, and other sensory inputs.
- 1: Unipolar neuron, 2: Bipolar neuron, 3: Multipolar neuron, 4: Pseudounipolar neuron
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- Afferent neurons convey information from tissues and organs into the central nervous system (e.g. sensory neurons).
- Efferent neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to the effector cells (e.g. motor neurons).
- Another way in which neurons are classified is by their effect on target neurons.
- A neuron releases a neurotransmitter that binds to chemical receptors on the target neuron .
- Other types of neurons include excitatory motor neurons in the spinal cord that release acetylcholine, and inhibitory spinal neurons that release glycine.
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- Broadly, sensory receptors respond to one of four primary stimuli:
- Sensory receptors perform countless functions in our bodies.
- During taste, sensory neurons in our taste buds detect chemical qualities of our foods including sweetness, bitterness, sourness, saltiness, and umami (savory taste).
- Adequate stimulus can be used to classify sensory
receptors.
- A sensory receptor's adequate
stimulus is the stimulus modality for which it possesses the
adequate sensory transduction apparatus.
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- It includes both sensory receptor neurons in the periphery (eg., skin, muscle, and organs) and deeper neurons within the central nervous system.
- In the periphery, the primary neuron is the sensory receptor that detects sensory stimuli like touch or temperature.
- Tertiary neurons have cell bodies in the thalamus and project
to the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe, forming a sensory homunculus in
the case of touch.
- At this location there is a map of sensory space referred to as a sensory homunculus.
- Image representing the cortical sensory homunculus.
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- While some neurons have no dendrites, other types of neurons have multiple dendrites.
- Neurons usually have one or two axons, but some neurons, like amacrine cells in the retina, do not contain any axons.
- Dendrites from a single neuron may receive synaptic contact from many other neurons.
- Multipolar neurons are the most common type of neuron.
- Most sensory neurons are pseudounipolar and have an axon that branches into two extensions: one connected to dendrites that receives sensory information and another that transmits this information to the spinal cord.
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- These functions are based on the sensory input, integration and motor output.
- Sensory input is based on the many sensory receptors that can monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body.
- The total sum of the gathered information by these sensory receptors is called sensory input.
- It does this by extracting information from the environment using sensory receptors.
- Electrical impulses travel along the axon of a neuron.