Examples of self-ionization in the following topics:
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- Water is capable of acting as either an acid or a base and can undergo self-ionization.
- Under standard conditions, water will self-ionize to a very small extent.
- Because this is a special equilibrium constant, specific to the self-ionization of water, it is denoted KW; it has a value of 1.0 x 10−14.
- The self-ionization of water produces hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution.
- Explanation of self-ionization of water and the formation of hydronium and hydroxide ions.
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- Common reactions, such as the self-ionization of water, have specially named equilibrium constants.
- The self-ionization, or autodissociation, of water is a reaction that occurs to a very small extent in neutral water.
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- Hydrogen ions are spontaneously generated in pure water by the dissociation (ionization) of a small percentage of water molecules into equal numbers of hydrogen (H+) ions and hydroxide (OH-) ions.
- The hydroxide ions remain in solution because of their hydrogen bonds with other water molecules; the hydrogen ions, consisting of naked protons, are immediately attracted to un-ionized water molecules and form hydronium ions (H30+).
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- This property is also referred to as the ionization potentia and is measured in volts.
- Large atoms or molecules have low ionization energy, while small molecules tend to have higher ionization energies.
- The ionization energy may be an indicator of the reactivity of an element.
- Based on these two principles, the easiest element to ionize is francium and the hardest to ionize is helium.
- This video explains the periodic trends in ionization energy....periodicity.
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- Up to 10 percent of invasive cancers are related to radiation exposure, including both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.
- Up to 10 percent of invasive cancers are related to radiation exposure, including both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.
- Additionally, the vast majority of non-invasive cancers are non-melanoma skin cancers caused by non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation.
- Exposure to ionizing radiation is known to increase the future incidence of cancer, particularly leukemia.
- The most widely accepted model posits that the incidence of cancer due to ionizing radiation increases linearly with effective radiation dose at a rate of 5.5 percent per sievert.
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- Ionizing radiation could be a lethal health hazard if used inappropriately.
- High-energy X-rays are a form of ionizing energy allowing to irradiate large packages and pallet loads of medical devices.
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- Radiation dosimetry is the measurement and calculation of the absorbed dose from exposure to indirect and direct ionizing radiation.
- Radiation dosimetry is the measurement and calculation of the absorbed dose in matter and tissue resulting from exposure to indirect and direct ionizing radiation.
- It is a scientific subspecialty in the fields of health physics and medical physics that is focused on the calculation of internal and external doses from ionizing radiation.
- There are several ways of measuring doses from ionizing radiation, including personal dosimeters and ionization chambers.
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- Ionizing radiation from fallout can cause genetic effects, birth defects, cancer, cataracts, and other organ and tissue defects.
- Intermediate stage: from 10–12 weeks; deaths in this period are from ionizing radiation in the median lethal range.
- Ionizing radiation from fallout can cause genetic effects, birth defects, cancer, cataracts, and other organ and tissue defects.
- By directly or indirectly ionizing, radiation can affect a cell's ability to conduct repair and reproduction.
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- Different types of radiation detectors exist ; gaseous ionization detectors, semiconductor detectors, and scintillation detectors are the most common.
- Gaseous ionization detectors use the ionizing effect of radiation upon gas-filled sensors.
- If a particle has enough energy to ionize a gas atom or molecule, the resulting electrons and ions cause a current flow, which can be measured.
- A scintillation detector is created by coupling a scintillator -- a material that exhibits luminescence when excited by ionizing radiation -- to an electronic light sensor, such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a photodiode.
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- Radiation dosimetry is the measurement and calculation of the absorbed dose resulting from the exposure to ionizing radiation.
- Radiation dosimetry is the measurement and calculation of the absorbed dose in matter and tissue resulting from the exposure to indirect and direct ionizing radiation.
- There are several ways of measuring the dose of ionizing radiation.
- Outside the United States, the most widely used type of personal dosimeter is the film badge dosimeter, which uses photographic emulsions that are sensitive to ionizing radiation.
- This ionization chamber was used in the South Atlantic Anomaly Probe project.