searches and seizures

Examples of searches and seizures in the following topics:

• The Fourth Amendment and Search and Seizure

  • Constitution is the part of the Bill of Rights guarding against unreasonable searches and seizures.
  • Walling, there was a distinction made between a "figurative or constructive search" and an actual search and seizure.
  • The court held that constructive searches are limited by the Fourth Amendment, while actual searches and seizures require a warrant based on "probable cause."
  • The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is the part of the Bill of Rights ([fig:9477]]) guarding against unreasonable searches and seizures, as well as requiring any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.
  • The text of the Fourth Amendment states the following: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. "

• The Fourth Amendment

  • The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the Bill of Rights which guards against unreasonable searches and seizures, along with requiring any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.
  • The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

• The Exclusionary Rule

  • United States under the Fourth Amendment prohibiting unreasonable searches and seizures.
  • The exclusionary rule is grounded in the Fourth Amendment and is intended to protect citizens from illegal searches and seizures.
  • Prisoners, probationers, parolees and persons crossing U.S. borders are among those receiving limited protections.
  • The exclusionary rule as it has developed in the U.S. has been long criticized, even by respected jurists and commentators.
  • It has ultimate (but largely discretionary) appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and over state court cases involving issues of federal law, and original jurisdiction over a small range of cases.

• The First and Fourth Amendments and Issues of Terrorism and Security

  • The Fourth Amendment applies to governmental searches and seizures, but not those done by private citizens or organizations that are not acting on behalf of a government.
  • The Fourth Amendment has been held to mean that a warrant must be judicially sanctioned for a search or an arrest.
  • The Fourth Amendment applies to governmental searches and seizures.
  • It does not apply to searches and seizures done by private citizens or organizations not acting on behalf of a government.
  • This means no warrant would be required to engage in even physical searches of non-U.S. citizens abroad.

• Ratification of the Constitution

  • Pennsylvania followed on December 12 and New Jersey ratified on December 18, also in a unanimous vote.
  • Amendment 1: Establishes freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition.
  • Amendment 4: Interdiction of unreasonable searches and seizures; a search warrant is required to search persons or property.
  • Amendment 6: Establishes rights to a fair and speedy public trial, to a notice of accusations, to confront the accuser, to subpoenas, and to counsel.
  • Amendment 8: Bans cruel and unusual punishment, and excessive fines or bail.

• Depressants

  • Barbiturates are effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, and also have an analgesic (painkiller) effect.
  • In the late 1950s, it became clear that the social cost of barbiturates was beginning to outweigh the medical benefits, which sparked a serious search for a class of replacement drugs.
  • Most people still using barbiturates today do so to prevent seizures or for relief of migraine symptoms.
  • However, barbiturates are still used as anti-convulsants (e.g., phenobarbital, an anti-seizure medication), as sedatives (e.g., sodium thiopental), and analgesics for cluster headaches and migraines (e.g., Fioricet).
  • These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal, and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures.

• From Traditional Research to Standards-based I-Search

  • He defines I-Search as the writer's "search to find out something he needs to know for his own life and write the story of his adventure" (1988, Preface, paragraph 9).
  • Tallman and Joyce expanded the original idea of I-Search by offering teachers and media-specialists applications and strategies for using the I-Search to teach writing and researching skills.
  • They suggest that the I-Search method involves scaffolding (see scaffolding) strategies and activities adaptable to the class.
  • Duncan and Lockhart (2005) brought the I-Search into the classroom as a tool for use in standards-based instruction in all classes.
  • Through the I-Search unit, teachers can provide an opportunity for students to "develop questions, research the answers, record their findings, and illustrate their learning through products while reflecting on and evaluating their learning" (Duncan & Lockhart, 2005, p. 3) In the I-Search unit, students still choose a topic of interest to them.

• Benefits of I-Search

  • Students choose a topic and a question to answer that have personal meaning to them, thereby enhancing their desire to complete a thorough search for answers to their questions.
  • I-Search reveals the thought processes involved in the search for answers.
  • Throughout the I-Search process, students reflect on the information they encounter and make decisions about how to proceed based upon their reflections.
  • This combination encourages the development of metacognitive skills because the students are required to reflect deeply as they analyze the information they uncover and make decisions about its validity.
  • The reader is then able to share the learning process because of the emphasis on the search in writing the I-Search paper.

• Other Neurological Disorders

  • Epilepsy and stroke are discussed below.
  • While there are several different types of epilepsy, all are characterized by recurrent seizures.
  • For many patients, however, the cause of their epilepsy is never identified and is probably a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
  • Often, seizures can be controlled with anti-convulsant medications.
  • However, for very severe cases, patients may undergo brain surgery to remove the brain area where seizures originate.

• I-Search and Standards-based Instruction: Features

  • Students encounter successes and frustrations while they are developing and adapting strategies in the I-Search, and they take on the role of collaborative partner as they share their own experiences with their peers and teachers.
  • Teachers and media specialists play a crucial role as facilitators in the I-Search process.
  • During the pre-search and search phases, students also learn how to create a plan, evaluate the information they gather, and integrate the information into their own experience.
  • I-Search closely follows the 6 C's of motivation which are strategies for increasing motivation and allowing students to have a choice in their search.
  • Students share their knowledge and useful resources and provide comments on the search process as Joey does in the accordion exercise (see Figure 2).