Examples of Scientific Laws in the following topics:
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- Physicists operate under the assumption that all scientific laws and theories are valid until a counterexample is observed.
- A theory is an explanation for patterns in nature that is supported by scientific evidence and verified multiple times by various groups of researchers.
- A law uses concise language to describe a generalized pattern in nature that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments.
- Laws and theories are similar in that they are both scientific statements that result from a tested hypothesis and are supported by scientific evidence.
- And, whereas a law is a postulate that forms the foundation of the scientific method, a theory is the end result of that process.
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- Scientific Laws are even closer to ‘fact’ than theories!
- These Laws are thought of as universal and are most common in math and physics.
- In life sciences, we recognize Mendel’s Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment as much in his honor as for their universal and enduring explanation of genetic inheritance in living things.
- But we do not call these Laws facts.
- Astrophysicists are actively testing universally accepted laws of physics even Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment should not be called law (strictly speaking) since it is not true as he stated it (go back and see how chromosomal crossing over was found to violate this law!).
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- Bacon's works established and popularized inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or sometimes simply the scientific method.
- alchemy and astrology, lost scientific credibility.
- Isaac Newton's Principia, developed the first set of unified scientific laws.
- Newton's Principia formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists' view of the physical universe for the next three centuries.
- His laws of motion were to be the solid foundation of mechanics.
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- There are specific steps that must be followed when using the scientific method .
- This is a critical stage within the scientific method.
- Over time, if a theory or principle becomes accepted as universally true, it becomes a law.
- In general, a law is always considered to be true.
- All economic theories, principles, and laws are generalizations or abstractions.
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- But even this law has proved to have exceptions.
- The use of scientific methods differentiates the social sciences from the humanities.
- In the realm of other disciplines, this reformulation of the scientific method created a pressure to express ideas in the form of mathematical relationships, that is, unchanging and abstract laws.
- In the attempt to study human behavior using scientific and empirical principles, sociologists always encounter dilemmas, as humans do not always operate predictably according to natural laws.
- Kepler's law, which describes planet orbit, is an example of the sort of laws Newton believed science should seek.
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- Atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.
- Philosophical proposals regarding atoms have been suggested since the years of the ancient Greeks, but John Dalton was the first to propose a scientific theory of atoms.
- He based his study on two laws about chemical reactions that emerged (without referring to the notion of an atomic theory) in the late 18th century.
- The second was the law of definite proportions, first proven by the French chemist Joseph Louis Proust.
- This marked the first truly scientific theory of the atom, since Dalton reached his conclusions by experimentation and examination of the results in an empirical fashion.
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- Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") can be defined as knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method.
- Although using the scientific method is inherent to science, it is inadequate in determining what science is.
- Deductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to forecast specific results.
- The boundary between these two forms of study is often blurred and most scientific endeavors combine both approaches.
- Scientists use two types of reasoning, inductive and deductive, to advance scientific knowledge.
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- The social sciences comprise the application of scientific methods to the study of the human aspects of the world.
- His book, Leviathan, was a scientific description of a political commonwealth.
- For philosophers of the same period, mathematical expression of philosophical ideals were taken to be symbolic of natural human relationships as well: the same laws moved physical and spiritual reality.
- Such relationships, called Laws after the usage of the time (see philosophy of science) became the model that other disciplines would emulate.
- Among the first were the Laws of philology, which attempted to map the change overtime of sounds in a language.
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- One of the most influential early figures in sociology was Auguste Comte who proposed a positivist sociology with a scientific base.
- He argued for an understanding of society he labeled "The Law of Three Stages. " The first was the theological stage where people took a religious view of society.
- Many researchers argued that sociology should adopt the scientific methodology used in the natural sciences.
- This scientific approach, supported by Auguste Comte, is at the heart of positivism, a methodological orientation with a goal that is rigorous, objective scientific investigation and prediction.
- Today, sociologists following Comte's positivist orientation employ a variety of scientific research methods.
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- In the realm of other disciplines, this created a pressure to express ideas in the form of mathematical relationships, or laws.
- Such laws became the model that other disciplines would emulate.
- In the late 19th century, scholars increasingly tried to apply mathematical laws to explain human behavior.
- Among the first efforts were the laws of philology, which attempted to map the change over time of sounds in a language.
- But in the early 20th century, statistics and probability theory offered a new way to divine mathematical laws underlying all sorts of phenomena.