scarlet fever

Examples of scarlet fever in the following topics:

• Scarlet Fever

  • Scarlet fever is caused by a bacteriophage that infects Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Scarlet fever is an infectious disease which most commonly affects 4-8 year-old children.
  • Scarlet fever is caused by an erythrogenic toxin, a substance produced by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep. ) when it is infected by a certain bacteriophage.
  • Scarlet fever is caused by secretion of pyrogenic (fever inducing) exotoxins by the infected Streptococcus.
  • The rosy cheeks and white area around the mouth are typical symptoms of scarlet fever.

• Rheumatic Fever

  • Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of inadequately treated strep throat.
  • Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that occurs following a Streptococcus pyogenes infection, such as streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) or scarlet fever, that affects the peri-arteriolar connective tissue.
  • However the antibodies may also react against the myocardium and joints, producing the symptoms of rheumatic fever.
  • Acute rheumatic fever is treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin and corticosteroids.
  • Last century, infections by S. pyogenes claimed many lives especially since the organism was the most important cause of puerperal fever and scarlet fever.

• Classic Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

  • All types of VHF are characterized by fever and bleeding disorders and all can progress to high fever, shock and death in many cases.
  • The family Arenaviridae include the viruses responsible for Lassa fever, Lujo virus, Argentine, Bolivian, Brazilian and Venezuelan hemorrhagic fevers.
  • The family Flaviviridae include dengue, yellow fever , and two viruses in the tick-borne encephalitis group that cause VHF: Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus and Kyasanur Forest disease virus.
  • Signs and symptoms of VHFs include fever and bleeding diathesis.
  • The only licensed vaccine available is for yellow fever.

• Fever

  • Fever is an elevation of body temperature above the regulatory set-point, mediated through the release of prostaglandin E2.
  • A pyrogen is a substance that induces fever.
  • Treatments for severe fevers include anti-pyrogens, and aspirin (which also helps to stop blood clots that may coincide with severe fever) is a classic example of an effective fever treatment.
  • High fevers (104 degrees farenheit or higher) are a symptom of severe infections, and while they typically aren't the direct cause of death in these cases, fevers do tend to make the body's prognosis worse in these cases.
  • Performance of the various types of fever; a) Fever continues b) Fever continues to abrupt onset and remission c) Fever remittent d) Intermittent fever e) Undulant fever f) Relapsing fever

• Typhoid Fever

  • Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a common, worldwide bacterial disease.
  • The disease has been known by many names, such as gastric fever, abdominal typhus, infantile remittant fever, slow fever, nervous fever or pythogenic (originating from filth or putrefaction) fever.
  • This delirium gives typhoid its nickname of "nervous fever".
  • Typhoid fever in most cases is not fatal.
  • Summarize the four stages of untreated typhoid fever and methods of preventing it

• Brucellosis (Undulant Fever)

  • Brucellosis, also called Bang's disease, Crimean fever, Gibraltar fever, Malta fever, Maltese fever, Mediterranean fever, rock fever, or undulant fever, is a highly-contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unsterilized milk or meat from infected animals or close contact with their secretions.
  • Brucellosis induces inconstant fevers, sweating, weakness, anaemia, headaches, depression, and muscular and bodily pain.
  • In the first stage of the disease, septicemia occurs and leads to the classic triad of undulant fevers, sweating (often with characteristic smell, likened to wet hay), and migratory arthralgia and myalgia.

• Frequency-Dependent Selection

  • The scarlet kingsnake, a harmless species, mimics the coloration of the eastern coral snake, a venomous species typically found in the same geographical region.
  • Predators learn to avoid both species of snake due to the similar coloration, and as a result the scarlet kingsnake becomes more common, and its coloration phenotype becomes more variable due to relaxed selection.
  • The scarlet kingsnake mimics the coloration of the poisonous eastern coral snake.

• Emerging Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

  • As human habitation expands, new viral hemorrhagic fevers are infecting humans.
  • All types of VHF are characterized by fever and bleeding disorders and all can progress to high fever, shock and death in many cases.
  • Indeed the advent of deep sequencing technologies and other methods are identifying emergent viral hemorrhagic fevers.
  • The cases, presenting over a three-week period, were characterized by abrupt disease onset, high fever, bloody vomiting, and diarrhea, and, in two patients, death within three days.
  • Although the source of the virus remains unclear, the study findings suggest that BASV may be spread by human-to-human contact and is an emerging pathogen associated with acute hemorrhagic fever in Africa .

• Legionellosis

  • It is characterized by flu- and pneumonia -like symptoms, including fevers and chills.
  • Symptoms include high fevers, chills, cough, muscle aches and headaches.
  • Legionellosis can take on two distinct forms commonly referred to as legion fever or pontiac fever.
  • Legion fever resembles acute influenza and is the more severe form of the disease, characterized by high fever and pneumonia.
  • Pontiac fever is a milder version and results in mild respiratory illness without the development of pneumonia.

• Rickettsial Diseases

  • Surprisingly, the other infection reported to be likely to provide the same effect (decrease in viral load) is the virus-caused illness, dengue fever.
  • Rickettsia species are carried by many ticks, fleas, and lice, and cause diseases in humans such as typhus, rickettsialpox, Boutonneuse fever, African tick bite fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever , Flinders Island spotted fever, and Queensland tick typhus (Australian Tick Typhus).
  • Rickettsia can be classified into three groups based on serology and DNA sequencing: spotted fever, typhus, and scrub typhus.
  • Recent studies reclassify the scrub typhus group as a new genus - Orienta, and suggest that the spotted fever group should be divided into two clades.
  • The purple bars and dots are the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, which is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.