Relational

Examples of Relational in the following topics:

• Visualizing multiplex relations

  • The only new problem is how to represent multiple relations among actors.
  • One approach is to use multiple lines (with different colors or styles) and over-lay one relation on another.
  • Netdraw has some useful tools for visualizing multiple relations among the same set of actors.
  • An even more useful tool is found in Netdraw>Properties>Lines>Multi-relation selection.
  • The Relations dialog box allows you to select which relations you would like to view, and whether to view the union ("or") or intersection ("and") of the ties.

• Choice

  • Schiefele (1991) identified two components of interest: feeling-related and value-related valences.
  • Feeling-related valences are feelings attached to a topic.
  • Value-related valences relate to the importance of the topic to an individual.
  • Feeling-related valences are the degree of enjoyment that an individual has toward a topic or object.
  • These feeling-related valences can be factors that enhance the motivation of learning.

• Simplex or multiplex relations in the graph

  • In our simple example, we showed two graphs of simple (sometimes referred to as "simplex" to differentiate from "multiplex") relations.
  • The friendship graph (figure 3.2) showed a single relation (that happened to be binary and directed).
  • The spouse graph (figure 3.3) showed a single relation (that happened to be binary and un-directed).
  • Figure 3.4 combines information from two relations into a "multiplex" graph.There are, potentially, different kinds of multiplex graphs.
  • We graphed a tie if there was either a friendship or spousal relation.

• The Flow of Agency-Related Activities

• Summary

  • In this chapter we've taken a look at some of the most basic and common approaches to applying statistical analysis to the attributes of actors embedded in networks, the relations among these actors, and the similarities between multiple relational networks connecting the same actors.
  • We've reviewed methods for examining relations between two (or more) graphs involving the same actors.
  • These tools are particularly useful for trying to understand multi-plex relations, and for testing hypotheses about how the pattern of relations in one whole network relate to the pattern of relations in another.
  • These tools allow us to examine hypotheses about the relational and non-relational attributes of actors, and to draw correct inferences about relations between variables when the observations (actors) are not independent.
  • And, we've taken a look at a variety of approaches that relate attributes of actors to their positions in networks.

• Related Rates

  • Related rates problems involve finding a rate by relating that quantity to other quantities whose rates of change are known.
  • What is a related rate?
  • In differential calculus, related rates problems involve finding a rate at which a quantity changes by relating that quantity to other quantities whose rates of change are known.
  • Because science and engineering often relate quantities to each other, the methods of related rates have broad applications in these fields.
  • Solve problems using related rates (using a quantity whose rate is known to find the rate at which a related quantity changes)

• Multiple relations

  • Actors may be tied together closely in one relational network, but be quite distant from one another in a different relational network.
  • When we collect social network data about certain kinds of relations among actors we are, in a sense, sampling from a population of possible relations.
  • If we do not know what relations to examine, how might we decide?
  • Methodologies for working with multi-relational data are not as well developed as those for working with single relations.
  • We will look at some methods for multi-relational (a.k.a.

• Combining multiple relations

  • One common approach is to combine the multiple relations into an index that reflects the quality (or type) of multi-plex relation.
  • Combining multiple relations in this way yields a qualitative typology of the kinds of relations that exist among actors.
  • In dealing with multiple relations among actors, we might also want to create a quantitative index that combines the relations.
  • For example, we might suppose that if actors are tied by 4 different relations they share a "stronger" tie than if they share only 3 relations.
  • Otherwise, code the output relation as "0."

• Public Relations

  • Public relations is the management of a message between an individual or organization and the public.
  • Simply put, public relations manages communication between an organization and the public.
  • It is sometimes seen as a derogatory but is commonly used in public relations campaigns.
  • Negative public relations, also called dark public relations (DPR), is a process of destroying or discrediting.
  • Consumer/lifestyle public relations – gaining publicity for a particular product or service

• Introduction: Multiple relations among actors

  • Social relations among actors, however, are usually more complex, in that actors are connected in multiple ways simultaneously.
  • Relations among nation-states are characterized by numerous forms of cultural, economic, and political exchange.
  • To be useful in analysis, however, the information about multiple relations among a set of actors must somehow be represented in summary form.
  • The "reduction" approach seeks to combine information about multiple relations among the same set of actors into a single relation that indexes the quantity of ties.
  • The "combination" approach also seeks to create a single index of the multi-plex relations, but attempts to represent the quality of ties.