refractory period

Examples of refractory period in the following topics:

• The Action Potential and Propagation

  • First is depolarization, followed by repolarization and a short period of hyperpolarization.
  • A period of increased potassium permeability results in excessive potassium efflux before the potassium channels close.
  • The propagation of action potential is independent of stimulus strength but dependent on refractory periods.
  • The period from the opening of the sodium channels until the sodium channels begin to reset is called the absolute refractory period.
  • During this period, the neuron cannot respond to another stimulus, no matter how strong.

• Male Sexual Response

  • After orgasm and ejaculation, a refractory period usually ensues, characterized by loss of erection, a decline in any sex flush, decreased interest in sex, and a feeling of relaxation associated with the action of the neurohormones oxytocin and prolactin.
  • The intensity and duration of the refractory period can be very short in a highly aroused young man in a highly-arousing situation, perhaps without even a noticeable loss of erection.

• Nerve Impulse Transmission within a Neuron: Action Potential

  • The Na+ channels close, beginning the neuron's refractory period.
  • The hyperpolarized membrane is in a refractory period and cannot fire. (5) The K+ channels close and the Na+/K+ transporter restores the resting potential.

• Penis

  • A refractory period succeeds the ejaculation, and sexual stimulation precedes it.

• Stages of the Action Potential

  • Refractory Phase.
  • The refractory phase takes place over a short period of time after the depolarization stage.
  • During the refractory phase this particular area of the nerve cell membrane cannot be depolarized.
  • Therefore, the neuron cannot reach action potential during this "rest period."

• Mechanics of the Action Potential

  • Refractory Phase.
  • The refractory phase is a short period of time after the repolarization stage.
  • During the refractory phase this particular area of the nerve cell membrane cannot be depolarized; the cell cannot be excited.

• Disease Severity and Duration

  • In an infectious disease, the incubation period is the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms.
  • The latency period is the time between infection and the ability of the disease to spread to another person, which may precede, follow, or be simultaneous with the appearance of symptoms.
  • During that time, it may be constantly present, or it may go into remission and periodically relapse.
  • A refractory disease is a disease that resists treatment, especially an individual case that resists treatment more than is normal for the specific disease in question.
  • Discuss the severity and various types of disease duration, including: acute, chronic, flare-up, refractory, progressive, remission and a cure

• Plantar Fasciitis

  • It is commonly associated with long periods of weight bearing.
  • Treatment options for plantar fasciitis include rest, massage therapy, stretching, weight loss, night splints, motion control running shoes, physical therapy, cold therapy, heat therapy, orthotics, anti-inflammatory medications, injection of corticosteroids and surgery in refractory cases.

• Homeostatic Responses to Shock

  • At the refractory stage, the vital organs have failed and shock can no longer be reversed.

• Steelmaking and Refining

  • The process is referred to as "basic" because of the pH of the refractories and the calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, which line the vessel to protect against the high temperature of molten metal.
  • The furnace consists of a refractory-lined vessel, which is often water-cooled and covered with a retractable roof.
  • It functions as a thermal blanket, stopping excessive heat loss, and helping to reduce erosion of the refractory lining.