recessions

Examples of recessions in the following topics:

• Recessions

  • A recession is a business cycle contraction; a general slowdown in economic activity.
  • In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction; a general slowdown in economic activity.
  • When these relationships become imbalanced, recession can develop within a country or create pressure for recession in another country.
  • Most mainstream economists believe that recessions are caused by inadequate aggregate demand in the economy, and favor the use of expansionary macroeconomic policy during recessions.
  • As an informal shorthand, economists sometimes refer to different recession shapes, such as V-shaped, U-shaped, L-shaped, and W-shaped recessions.

• Mendel's Law of Dominance

  • In a heterozygote, the allele which masks the other is referred to as dominant, while the allele that is masked is referred to as recessive.
  • One allele can be dominant to a second allele, recessive to a third allele, and codominant to a fourth.
  • If a genetic trait is recessive, a person needs to inherit two copies of the gene for the trait to be expressed.
  • Thus, both parents have to be carriers of a recessive trait in order for a child to express that trait .
  • Recessive traits are only visible if an individual inherits two copies of the recessive allele

• The Recession

  • Bush's administration in the early 1990s, the United States entered into a mild recession that lasted for six months.
  • Coming at around the same time as President Bush's budget deal with Congress, the United States entered into a mild recession that lasted for six months.
  • The first burst of the recession was short-lived, as fervent pre-election activity by the governments of the United States and Canada created what many economists at the time saw as an economic miracle: a growing consumer confidence and increased consumer spending almost single-handedly lifted the North American economy out of recession.
  • Bush in the United States may have been aided by the brief recovery of 1988, he could not hold on to power through the last part of the recession.
  • This graph illustrates the GDP growth (at annualized rates) in the United States between 1989 and 1992, showing the 1990-91 recession.

• Complementation

  • Complementation refers to a relationship between two different strains of an organism which both have homozygous recessive mutations.
  • Since the mutations are recessive, the offspring will display the wild-type phenotype.
  • If there is an allele with an observable phenotype whose function can be provided by a wild type genotype (i.e., the allele is recessive), one can ask whether the function that was lost because of the recessive allele can be provided by another mutant genotype.
  • Because the mutations are recessive, there is a recovery of function in that pathway, so offspring recover the wild-type phenotype.
  • Thus, the test is used to decide if two independently derived recessive mutant phenotypes are caused by mutations in the same gene or in two different genes.

• Arguments For and Against Fighting Recession with Expansionary Fiscal Policy

  • Expansionary fiscal policies, which are usually implemented during recessions, attempt to increase economic demand.
  • Expansionary fiscal policies are usually implemented during recessions because they attempt to increase economic demand, and as a result, increase economic output which is reduced during a recession.
  • Evaluate the pros and cons of fiscal policy intervention during recession

• Peacetime Economy

  • The postwar transition to a peacetime economy saw strikes and a recession, but the economy fared much better than expected.
  • The decline in government spending, at the end of World War II in 1945, led to an enormous drop in gross domestic product, making this technically a recession.
  • The post-war years were unusual in a number of ways, unemployment was never high, and this era may be considered a "sui generis end-of-the-war recession," or a very unique type of recession.
  • Three years later, the 1948 recession became a brief economic downturn.
  • Although no recession of the post-World War II era has come anywhere near the depth of the Great Depression, this graph shows that the recession during the transition to a peacetime economy during the Truman administration was significant.

• Reaction and Recession

  • The Recession of 1937–1938 was an economic downturn that occurred during the Great Depression.
  • In the months of the 1937-38 recession, the trends reserved rapidly.
  • As the causes of the recession were hotly debated, so were the government's response to the economic downturn.
  • Furthermore, some earlier efforts of the Roosevelt administration coincided with the 1937-38 recession.
  • Manufacturing employment in the United States from 1920 to 1940, with a drop between 1937 and 1938 during the Recession of 1937-38.

• Politics and the Great Recession of 2008

  • The 2008–2012 global recession is a massive global economic decline that began in December 2007 and took a particularly sharp downward turn in September 2008.
  • No economic recession since The Great Depression of the 1930s has affected economic input, production and circulation of capital like the current global recession.
  • The global recession affected the entire world economy, hitting some countries more than others.
  • It is a major global recession characterized by various systemic imbalances sparked by the outbreak of the Financial crisis of 2007–2008. shows the trend in international trade that reflects the recession in 2008.
  • There exists a dip in 2009 that corresponds to the recession of 2008.

• Arguments For and Against Fighting Recession with Expansionary Monetary Policy

  • Expansionary monetary policy is traditionally used to try to combat unemployment in a recession by lowering interest rates.
  • Expansionary monetary policy is traditionally used to try to combat unemployment in a recession by lowering interest rates in the hope that easy credit will entice businesses into investing, leading to overall economic growth.

• Defining Fiscal Policy

  • Expansionary: This type of policy is usually undertaken during recessions to increase the level of economic activity.
  • In times of recession, Keynesian economics suggests that increasing government spending and decreasing tax rates is the best way to stimulate aggregate demand.
  • Keynesians argue that this approach should be used in times of recession or low economic activity as an essential tool for building the foundation for strong economic growth and working towards full employment .
  • In times of recession, the government uses expansionary fiscal policy to increase the level of economic activity and increase employment.