Examples of real-time in the following topics:
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- Multiplex and real-time PCR are molecular techniques designed to amplify nucleic acid sequences in a quantitative manner.
- Real-time polymerase chain (RT-PCR) reaction, also called quantitative real-time PCR (qRt-PCR) is used to amplify and quantify targeted DNA molecules.
- Real-time PCR can used to amplify low-abundance DNA templates.
- During real-time PCR with oligoprobes, there is a change in signal following direct interaction with the amplicon.
- Real-time PCR assays have been extremely useful for studying microbial agents of infectious disease and have proven valuable for basic microbiological research.
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- Roughly, we can say that real GDP rises to only $102 as the inflation rate accounted for.
- The Gross domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.
- Real values measure the purchasing power net of any price changes over time.
- Real GDP accounts for inflation and deflation.
- This graph shows the real GDP growth over a specific period of time.
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- What we will do is construct an unknown time series' DFT by hand and inverse transform to see what the resulting time series looks like.
- In all cases the time series $h_k$ is 64 samples long.
- Next, in Figure 4.12, we show at the top an input time series consisting of a pure sinusoid (left) and the real part of its DFT.
- On the left in the middle plot is the real part of the noisy signals DFT.
- The real (left) and imaginary (right) parts of three length 64 time series, each associated with a Kronecker delta frequency spectrum.
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- This is done by adding the corresponding real parts and the corresponding imaginary parts.
- Note that this is always possible since the real and imaginary parts are real numbers, and real number addition is defined and understood.
- The key again is to combine the real parts together and the imaginary parts together, this time by subtracting them.
- Note that it is possible for two non-real complex numbers to add to a real number.
- However, two real numbers can never add to be a non-real complex number.
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- For more details, consult a book on analysis such as The Elements of Real Analysis by Bartle or Real Analysis by Haaser and Sullivan.
- Figure 4.11: The real (left) and imaginary (right) parts of three time series of length 64, each associated with a Kronecker delta frequency spectrum.
- These time series are reconstructed from the spectra by inverse DFT.
- In the top right we see the real part of its DFT.
- At the bottom left, we show a Gaussian time series that we will use to smooth the noisy time series by convolving it with the DFT of the noisy signal.
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- The real option creates economic value by generating future decision rights for management.
- For this reason, the timing of an investment can be crucial in determining its profitability.
- In other words, the option to defer an investment creates value because exogenous uncertainty can be reduced with the passage of time.
- Another value-creating aspect of real options can be found in abandonment.
- Projects with real options can be evaluated using a range of possible profits.
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- However, since these assumptions are almost never met in the real world, the real exchange rate will never equal 1.
- The real exchange rate is the nominal exchange rate times the relative prices of a market basket of goods in the two countries.
- The real exchange rate would be the nominal rate of A/B (2) times the price of the basket of goods in B (15), and divide all that by the price of the basket of goods expressed in A (10).
- In this case, the real A/B exchange rate is 3.
- PPP is then used to help determine real exchange rates.
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- It is best to not let this fact confuse you, but to just remember it as a fact -- any time an $i^2$ appears in a calculation, it can be replaced by the real number $-1.$
- Note that this last multiplication yields a real number, since $bi\cdot di = bd \cdot i^2=bd\cdot (-1) =-bd.$
- Note that the FOIL algorithm produces two real terms (from the First and Last multiplications) and two imaginary terms (from the Outer and Inner multiplications).
- Note that if a number has a real part of $0$, then the FOIL method is not necessary.
- Note that it is possible for two nonreal complex numbers to multiply together to be a real number.
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- It is important to note that real GDP adjusts for inflation, rather than looking at output in nominal dollars.
- If inflation is calculated to be 3% between 1900 and 1901, real economic growth will equate to 2%.
- An outline of the perspectives of economic growth over time include:
- As a result, an economy will continuously decrease price and thus increase demand, minimizing marginal utility over time and saturating markets.
- A more educated workforce will result in increases in real output, as will advances in technology and innovation.
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- In economics, aggregate demand is the total demand for final goods and services at a given time and price level.
- The slope of the aggregate demand curve shows the extent to which the real balances change the equilibrium level of spending.
- In an economy, when the nominal money stock in increased, it leads to higher real money stock at each level of prices.
- The interest rates decrease which causes the public to hold higher real balances.
- The model is also used to show real and potential output.