Race Wage Gap

Examples of Race Wage Gap in the following topics:

• Income Distribution

  • The United States has a high level of income inequality, with a wide gap between the top and bottom brackets of earners.
  • Unequal distribution of income between genders, races, and the population, in general, in the United States has been the frequent subject of study by scholars and institutions.
  • Inequality between male and female workers, called the "gender wage gap," has decreased considerably over the last several decades.
  • During the same time, inequality between black and white Americans, sometimes called the "race wage gap," has stagnated, not improving but not getting worse.
  • Nevertheless, data from a number of sources indicate that overall income inequality in the United States has grown significantly since the late 1970s, widening the gap between the country's rich and poor.

• Learning the Gender Gap

  • In order to determine whether the gender gap is a result of implicit or explicit discrimination, we can look at the adjusted and unadjusted wage gap.
  • The remaining part of the raw wage gap that cannot be explained by variables that are thought to influence pay is then referred to as the adjusted gender pay gap and may be explicitly discriminatory.
  • The total wage gap in the United States is 20.4 percent.
  • Statistical analysis that includes those variables has produced results that collectively account for between 65.1 and 76.4 percent of a raw gender wage gap of 20.4 percent, and thereby leave an adjusted gender wage gap that is between 4.8 and 7.1 percent. " Thus, only a relatively small part of the wage gap is due to explicit discrimination .
  • Discuss the impact the gener pay/wage gap can have on both men and, in particular, women, in the economic world

• Gender

  • Along with economic class and race, society is stratified by gender, with women often holding a lower social position than men.
  • Economic class, race, and gender shape the opportunities, the privileges, and the inequalities experienced by individuals and groups.
  • This phenomenon is referred to as the gender gap in employment.
  • Sociological research shows that women are not paid the same wages as men for similar work.
  • The most common explanation for the wage gap between men and women is the finding that women pay a motherhood penalty, regardless of whether or not they are actually mothers.

• The New Work Force

  • A growing number of employees filed lawsuits charging that employers discriminated against them on the basis of race, gender, age, or physical disability.
  • Still, pay gaps and widely varying unemployment rates between whites and minorities persist.
  • Exacerbating pay gaps between people of different sexes, race, or ethnic backgrounds was the general tension created in the 1980s and 1990s by cost-cutting measures at many companies.
  • No direct measurement of this gap exists, but U.S.
  • Even as this gap widened, many employers fought increases in the federally imposed minimum wage.

• Discrimination Based on Sex and Gender

  • One form of occupational sexism is wage discrimination.
  • In 2008, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) found that while female employment rates have expanded, and gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed nearly everywhere, on average women still have 20 percent less chance to have a job and are paid 17 percent less than men.
  • Consequently, they face even greater obstacles than white transgender individuals and cisgender members of their own race.
  • This graph illustrates the median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, race, and ethnicity in the U.S., 2009.
  • Across all races and ethnicities studied, women consistently earn less than men.

• Tilting the Tests: Discrimination by IQ

  • Although some find evidence of a race-based IQ gap, others argue that race is not a causal variable and that race-based IQ differences are in fact caused by other differences such as health, wealth, and educational disparities.
  • Yet these IQ gaps are only observed in average scores and say very little about individuals.
  • Thus, the implications of the IQ gaps are unclear.
  • But even before IQ tests were invented, claims of race-based intelligence gaps were used to justify colonialism, slavery, and racial eugenics.
  • Discuss the various explanations for the IQ gap, ranging from genetic to environmental factors

• Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor

  • Economic inequality (also known as the gap between rich and poor) consists of disparities in the distribution of wealth and income.
  • The income gap between highly skilled workers and low-skilled or no-skills workers;
  • In the capitalist market, the wages for jobs are set by supply and demand.
  • When there is high supply and low demand for a job, it results in a low wage.
  • The gap in wages produces inequality between different types of workers.

• Inequalities of Work

  • Women are frequently treated unequally at work, often through sexual harassment and/or wage discrimination.
  • Beyond sexual harassment, the most obvious instance of inequality in the workplace is wage discrimination.
  • This explanation of the pay gap invokes the notion of the pink-collar worker.
  • However, not even this acknowledgement explains the entirety of the wage gap, for even women working full time in higher-paid industries earn less than their male colleagues.
  • The larger schema into which the gender pay gap fits is the notion of a "glass ceiling" for women in the workplace.

• Barriers to Organizational Diversity

  • Companies seeking a diverse workforce face issues of assimilation into the majority group and wage equality for minorities.
  • The implementation of a more diverse workforce faces obstacles in both the assimilation of new cultures into the majority and wage-equality and upper-level opportunities across the minority spectrum.
  • The consistency of the gap between wage and education levels in males and females offers concrete evidence that the barriers to diversity in the workplace still exist.
  • Though this gap highlights gender inequality in particular, the strength of the empirical data suggests that a glass ceiling could apply to any minority group.
  • Wages grouped by gender and education reveal a "glass ceiling" for women in the workplace, and the wage gap between men and women only grows as educational attainment increases.

• Race and Health

  • Health disparities refer to gaps in the quality of health and healthcare across racial and ethnic groups.
  • Health disparities based on race also exist.
  • Health disparities refer to gaps in the quality of health and healthcare across racial and ethnic groups.
  • Health disparities based on race also exist.
  • There is a controversy regarding race as a method for classifying humans.