quota sampling

Examples of quota sampling in the following topics:

• The Year the Polls Elected Dewey

  • In the 1948 presidential election, the use of quota sampling led the polls to inaccurately predict that Dewey would defeat Truman.
  • The Crossley, Gallup, and Roper organizations all used quota sampling.
  • The intent of quota sampling is to ensure that the sample represents the population in all essential respects.
  • In addition, quota sampling involves a human element.
  • Quota sampling had to go.

• Sampling Techniques

  • As long as the starting point is randomized, systematic sampling is a type of probability sampling.
  • Cluster sampling generally increases the variability of sample estimates above that of simple random sampling, depending on how the clusters differ between themselves, as compared with the within-cluster variation.
  • In quota sampling, the population is first segmented into mutually exclusive subgroups, just as in stratified sampling.
  • In quota sampling the selection of the sample is non-random.
  • Accidental sampling (or grab, convenience, or opportunity sampling) is a type of non-probability sampling which involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population which is close to hand.

• Samples

  • This process of collecting information from a sample is referred to as sampling.
  • The best way to avoid a biased or unrepresentative sample is to select a random sample, also known as a probability sample.
  • Several types of random samples are simple random samples, systematic samples, stratified random samples, and cluster random samples.
  • A sample that is not random is called a non-random sample, or a non-probability sampling.
  • Some examples of nonrandom samples are convenience samples, judgment samples, and quota samples.

• Using Chance in Survey Work

  • In order to conduct a survey, a sample from the population must be chosen.
  • Probability sampling includes: Simple Random Sampling, Systematic Sampling, Stratified Sampling, Probability Proportional to Size Sampling, and Cluster or Multistage Sampling.
  • Hence, because the selection of elements is nonrandom, non-probability sampling does not allow the estimation of sampling errors.
  • Information about the relationship between sample and population is limited, making it difficult to extrapolate from the sample to the population.
  • Non-probability sampling methods include accidental sampling, quota sampling, and purposive sampling.

• Quotas

  • There are two main types of import quota: the absolute quota and the tariff-rate quota.
  • A tariff-rate quota is a two-tier quota system that combines characteristics of tariffs and quotas.
  • Often, quotas are instituted to:
  • Quotas may also encourage smuggling.
  • As quotas raise the price of domestic goods, it becomes profitable to try and circumvent the quota by bringing in goods illegally, or in excess of the quota.

• Promoting Free Trade

  • Government can promote free trade by reducing tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers.
  • Free trade is a policy by which a government does not discriminate against imports or interfere with exports by applying tariffs (to imports), subsidies (to exports), or quotas.
  • Tariffs and quotas are explicit government policies that are designed to protect domestic producers, even if they are not the most efficient producers .
  • In addition to tariffs and quotas, there are a number of other barriers to free trade that countries use.
  • NTBs act just like tariffs and quotas in that they are barriers to free trade.

• Quotas

  • To prevent over-fishing, a negative externality, governments may impose individual fishing quotas (IFQs), which set an allowable catch limit for fisheries.
  • To address the problem of negative externalities, governments may use a quota system to try and limit them.
  • In a quota system, the negative externality is capped at a certain amount.
  • In the example of pollution, the government may put a quota on the amount of pollution a factory can produce by issuing tradable permits.

• What Is a Sampling Distribution?

  • The sampling distribution of a statistic is the distribution of the statistic for all possible samples from the same population of a given size.
  • Similarly, if you took a second sample of 10 women from the same population, you would not expect the mean of this second sample to equal the mean of the first sample.
  • Sampling distributions allow analytical considerations to be based on the sampling distribution of a statistic rather than on the joint probability distribution of all the individual sample values.
  • The sampling distribution depends on: the underlying distribution of the population, the statistic being considered, the sampling procedure employed, and the sample size used.
  • An alternative to the sample mean is the sample median.

• Sampling

  • Sampling involves providing a sample of a consumer product to consumers so that they may try said product before committing to a purchase.
  • During the product promotion process, sampling involves providing a sample of a consumer product to consumers so that they may try said product before committing to a purchase.
  • According to the Product Sampling Study by Arbitron, sampling successfully reaches 70 million consumers every quarter, and one-third of customers who try a sample will buy the sampled product in the same shopping trip, and 58 percent of those surveyed reported that they would buy the product again.
  • Marketers who are considering sampling their next product introduction should define the objectives of the sampling program.
  • There are a number of popular sampling techniques:

• Creating Sales Force Structure, Territories, and Goals

  • Sales goals are commonly stated in terms of quotas.
  • A sales quota is the minimum sales goal for a set time span.
  • Sales quotas may also be for sales activity, such as number of calls per day.
  • Management usually sets the sales quota and the sales territory, but it's not easy.
  • When setting quotas, successful sales managers tend to: