proxy

Examples of proxy in the following topics:

• Problems with WACC

  • Problems arise in calculating components of WACC because differing methods and proxy values result in widely varying costs of capital.
  • In calculating each component, we are given many different options and proxy values.

• Factitious Disorders

  • Münchausen syndrome is related to Münchausen syndrome by proxy, now known as "factitious disorder imposed on another"; this refers to the abuse of another person, typically a child, in order to seek attention or sympathy for the abuser.
  • Factitious disorder imposed on another (formerly Münchausen syndrome by proxy); this diagnosis is assigned to the perpetrator, while the victim may be assigned an abuse diagnosis such as child abuse.
  • Individuals with factitious disorder might be motivated either as a patient or by proxy as a caregiver to obtain attention, nurturance, sympathy, and leniency that often accompany the "sick role" and that are seen as not obtainable any other way.
  • A parent with factitious disorder imposed on another (formerly known as Münchausen syndrome by proxy) will deliberately produce, feign, or exaggerate symptoms in their child.

• The Cold War's Costs and Consequences

  • The costs of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, as well as its numerous proxy wars, were extensive.
  • In addition to the loss of life by uniformed soldiers, millions died in the superpowers' proxy wars around the globe, most notably in Southeast Asia.
  • Many of the proxy wars and subsidies for local conflicts ended along with the Cold War, and the incidence of interstate, ethnic, and revolutionary wars, as well as refugee and displaced persons crises, has declined somewhat in the post-Cold War years.

• Superpower Rivalry

  • Additionally, much of the conflict between the superpowers was fought in "proxy wars," which more often than not involved issues more complex than the standard Cold War oppositions.
  • For example, the Vietnam War was an example of a proxy war.

• Discounted Dividend vs. Corporate Valuation

  • Consider the dividend growth rate as a proxy for the growth of earnings and by extension the stock price and capital gains.
  • Consider the company's cost of equity capital as a proxy for the investor's required total return.

• Likeability of Political Candidates

  • A candidate's stated political ideology may be treated as a proxy for their position on a range of policy issues.

• Times Interest Earned Ratio

  • Analysts often use "Operating Income" as a proxy for EBIT when complex accounting situations, such as discontinued operations, changes in accounting principle, extraordinary items, etc., are reported in a company's financial statements.

• Advantages and Disadvantages of VC Financing

  • Venture capital is also associated with job creation (accounting for 2% of US GDP), the knowledge economy, and used as a proxy measure of innovation within an economic sector or geography.

• Market Reporting

  • A 'national' index represents the performance of the stock market of a given nation—and by proxy, reflects investor sentiment on the state of its economy.

• Equity Method

  • Typically, equity holders receive voting rights, meaning that they can vote on candidates for the board of directors (shown on a proxy statement received by the investor) as well as certain major transactions.