primary orality

Examples of primary orality in the following topics:

• Variations in Orality

  • The study of orality is closely allied to the study of oral tradition.
  • Ong, a key scholar in this field, distinguishes between two forms of orality: ‘primary orality' and ‘secondary orality'.
  • In addition, he refers to 'oral residue' and 'residually oral cultures'.
  • Ong draws his examples from both primary oral societies, and societies with a very high ‘oral residue'.
  • Nothing analogous exists in oral societies.

• Quality of Written and Oral Expression

  • The quality of written and oral communication depends on the effective use of language and communication channels.
  • The quality of written and oral expression determines how effective communication will be in achieving its objectives.
  • Whether to inform, provoke, or persuade, communication's primary purpose is to assign and convey meaning in order to create shared understanding.
  • In both written and oral communication, the use of language is the primary determinant of quality of expression.
  • Channels include email, telephone, written reports, and oral presentations.

• Periodontal Disease

  • The primary cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene which leads to the accumulation of bacterial matrix at the gum line, called dental plaque.
  • Although the primary cause of both gingivitis and periodontitis is the microbic plaque that adheres to the tooth surface, there are many other modifying factors.
  • Chlorhexidine gluconate-based mouthwash in combination with careful oral hygiene may cure gingivitis, although they cannot reverse any attachment loss due to periodontitis.
  • Dental check-ups serve to monitor the person's oral hygiene methods and levels of attachment around teeth, identify any early signs of periodontitis, and monitor response to treatment.

• Syphilis

  • The primary stage classically presents itself with a single chancre (a firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration) as shown in .
  • Primary syphilis is typically acquired by direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person.
  • Secondary syphilis occurs approximately four to 10 weeks after the primary infection.
  • Therefore, it is transmissible by kissing, or oral, vaginal, and anal sex.
  • Approximately 30 to 60 percent of those exposed to primary or secondary syphilis will get the disease.

• Types of Communication: Verbal, Written, and Nonverbal

  • The most common vehicles for communication are oral, non-verbal, written, and electronic.
  • Oral communication describes the verbal exchange of information, emotions, thoughts, and perceptions.
  • Body language and tone of voice play a significant role in how oral communication is perceived.
  • Both oral and written communication can be conveyed electronically.
  • Argyle concluded there are five primary functions of non-verbal bodily behavior in human communication:

• The Imperfect Historical Record

  • Primary sources are distinguished from secondary sources, which cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources.
  • In some cases, the only eyewitness reports of an event may be memoirs, autobiographies, or oral interviews taken years later.
  • Traditionally, historians attempt to answer historical questions through the study of written documents and oral accounts.
  • Thus, the question of the reliability of oral history has been widely debated.
  • For political reasons, many sensitive records may be destroyed, withdrawn from collections, or hidden, which may also encourage researchers to rely on oral histories.

• Primary and Secondary Metabolites

  • Metabolites can be categorized into both primary and secondary metabolites.
  • Primary metabolites are involved in growth, development, and reproduction of the organism.
  • Examples of primary metabolites include alcohols such as ethanol, lactic acid, and certain amino acids.
  • Another example of a primary metabolite commonly used in industrial microbiology includes citric acid.
  • It is mass produced and commonly administered orally .

• Digestive System: Mouth and Stomach

  • The upper gastrointestinal tract includes the oral cavity, esophagus, and stomach.
  • The oral cavity, or mouth, is the point of entry of food into the digestive system .
  • Another cell type, parietal cells, secrete hydrogen and chloride ions, which combine in the lumen to form hydrochloric acid, the primary acidic component of the stomach juices.
  • Digestion of food begins in the (a) oral cavity.
  • Describe the parts of the digestive system from the oral cavity through the stomach

• Infection

  • Athlete's foot can be treated by a number of pharmaceutical creams, as well as with oral antifungals.
  • Since fungi thrive in moist environments, keeping feet and footwear as dry as possible and avoiding sharing towels aids prevention of primary infection.
  • Oral herpes, the visible symptoms of which are colloquially called cold sores or fever blisters, is an infection of the face or mouth .
  • Oral herpes is the most common form of infection.

• Mouth

  • While its primary function is to begin the process of mechanically and chemically digesting food, the mouth is also the beginning of the alimentary canal - a larger digestive tube.
  • The mouth is also known as the oral cavity, and within the oral cavity sits the tongue, the soft and hard palate, the uvula, and numerous salivary glands.
  • The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelial tissue that lines the inside of the mouth.
  • In addition to its primary function as beginning of the digestive system, the mouth also plays a significant role in human communication and breathing.
  • The primary features of human voice are produced in the throat, but the tongue, lips, and jaw also work together to produce the range of sounds we see in human language.