polycystic kidney disease

Examples of polycystic kidney disease in the following topics:

• Polycystic Kidney Disease

  • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys.
  • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD or PCKD, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys.
  • There are two types of PKD: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and the less-common autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).
  • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common of all the hereditary cystic kidney diseases, with an incidence of 1:1,000 to 2:1,000 live births.
  • Polycystic kidney disease, or PKD, is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys

• Kidney Transplant

  • Kidney transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease.
  • There is no definite answer to how long it will take to get a kidney.
  • Kidney transplantation, or renal transplantation, is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease.
  • The indication for kidney transplantation is end-stage renal disease (ESRD), regardless of the primary cause.
  • The first cadaveric kidney transplantation in the United States was performed on June 17, 1950, on Ruth Tucker, a 44-year-old woman with polycystic kidney disease, at Little Company of Mary Hospital in Evergreen Park, Illinois.

• Hydatid Disease

  • Hydatid disease, also referred to as cystic echinococcosis, is characterized by the slow growth of large cysts within various organs.
  • Hydatid disease, commonly referred to as echinococcosis, is a result of infection by the tapeworm included in the Echinococcus spp.
  • Echinococcus multilocularis results in alveolar echinococcosis and Echinococcus vogeli can cause polycystic echinococcosis.
  • The parasite responsible for polycystic echinococcosis, Echinococcus vogeli, uses dogs or bush dogs as a definitive host and rodents as an intermediate hosts.
  • Hydatid disease is characterized by the growth of these cysts into the adult stage for the tapeworm.

• Ovarian Cysts

  • Cysts that persist beyond two or three menstrual cycles, or occur in post-menopausal women, may indicate more serious disease and should be investigated through ultrasonography and laparoscopy, especially in cases where family members have had ovarian cancer.
  • A polycystic-appearing ovary is diagnosed based on its enlarged size — usually twice normal —with small cysts present around the outside of the ovary.
  • Polycystic-appearing ovary is different from the polycystic ovarian syndrome, which includes other symptoms in addition to the presence of ovarian cysts.

• Renal Disease and Failure

  • Long-term kidney problems are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
  • Other factors that may help differentiate acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease include anemia and the kidney size on ultrasound.
  • Chronic kidney disease generally leads to anemia and small kidney size.
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can also develop slowly and, initially, show few symptoms.
  • Acute kidney injuries can be present on top of chronic kidney disease, a condition called acute-on-chronic renal failure (AoCRF).

• Glomerular Diseases

  • Glomerulopathy refers to a disease affecting the glomeruli of the nephron.
  • The nephron is a tubular structure in the kidney that filters blood to form urine.
  • Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a renal disease (usually of both kidneys) characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, or small blood vessels in the kidneys.
  • Primary causes are intrinsic to the kidney.
  • Goodpasture's syndrome (also known as Goodpasture's disease and anti-glomerular basement antibody disease ) is a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs, and to kidney failure.

• Edema Caused by Loss of Plasma Proteins

  • Kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes.
  • Eventually, the kidneys may fail completely so that a person with the disease needs hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant to survive.
  • The kidneys normally do not filter large molecules into the urine, so albuminuria can be an indicator of damage to the kidneys or excessive salt intake.
  • However other causes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis frequently lead to end stage renal disease.
  • It can be caused by systemic diseases, pregnancy in some women, and as a result of heart failure or varicose veins.

• Dialysis

  • In some cases of acute kidney failure, dialysis may only be needed for a short time until the kidneys get better.
  • In chronic or end stage kidney failure, your kidneys do not get better and you will need dialysis for the rest of your life.
  • Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function (acute kidney injury, previously acute renal failure), or progressive but chronically worsening kidney function–a state known as chronic kidney disease stage 5 (previously chronic renal failure or end-stage kidney disease).
  • The kidneys have important roles in maintaining health.
  • Dialysis is an imperfect treatment to replace kidney function since it does not correct the compromised endocrine functions of the kidney.

• Ureters

  • The ureters are two tubes that drain urine from each of the kidneys into the bladder.
  • Each kidney has its own ureter through which urine drains into. 
  • Kidney stones and cancer are common diseases of the ureter.
  • A kidney stone can move from the kidney and become lodged inside the ureter, which can block the flow of urine, as well as cause a sharp cramp in the back, side, or lower abdomen.
  • The affected kidney could then develop hydronephrosis, should a part of the kidney become swollen due to blocked flow of urine.

• Medical Uses of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

  • Hemopoetic growth factors show promise in improving the lives of those suffering from kidney disease or recovering from chemotherapy.
  • Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) is very effective in treating the diminished red blood cell production that accompanies end-stage kidney disease.
  • Besides those on dialysis, erythropoietin is used most commonly to treat anemia in people with chronic kidney disease who are not on dialysis (those in stage 3 or 4 CKD) and those living with a kidney transplant.
  • Erythropoietin has been shown to be beneficial in certain neurological diseases like schizophrenia.
  • Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis (RBC production) and is used to treat anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease and myelodysplasia resulting from the treatment of cancer.