Examples of plane wave in the following topics:
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- Spherical waves come from point source in a spherical pattern; plane waves are infinite parallel planes normal to the phase velocity vector.
- A plane wave is a constant-frequency wave whose wavefronts (surfaces of constant phase) are infinite parallel planes of constant peak-to-peak amplitude normal to the phase velocity vector .
- It is not possible in practice to have a true plane wave; only a plane wave of infinite extent will propagate as a plane wave.
- However, many waves are approximately plane waves in a localized region of space.
- Plane waves are an infinite number of wavefronts normal to the direction of the propogation.
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- Interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superimpose to form a resultant wave of greater or lesser amplitude.
- Interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superimpose to form a resultant wave of greater or lesser amplitude.
- Its effects can be observed in all types of waves (for example, light, acoustic waves and water waves).
- Destructive interference occurs when the crest of one wave meets a trough of another wave.
- A simple form of wave interference is observed when two waves of the same frequency (also called a plane wave) intersect at an angle , as shown in .
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- Water waves can be commonly observed in daily life, and comprise both transverse and longitudinal wave motion.
- As long as the waves propagate slower than the wind speed just above the waves, there is an energy transfer from the wind to the waves.
- In the case of monochromatic linear plane waves in deep water, particles near the surface move in circular paths, creating a combination of longitudinal (back and forth) and transverse (up and down) wave motions.
- Although larger waves are more powerful, wave power is also determined by wave speed, wavelength, and water density.
- The wave can be thought to be made up of planes orthogonal to the direction of the phase velocity.
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- If a transverse wave is moving in the positive x-direction, its oscillations are in up and down directions that lie in the y–z plane.
- Here we observe that the wave is moving in t and oscillating in the x-y plane.
- In the figure we observe this motion to be in x-y plane (denoted by the red line in the figure).
- Examples of transverse waves include seismic S (secondary) waves, and the motion of the electric (E) and magnetic (M) fields in an electromagnetic plane waves, which both oscillate perpendicularly to each other as well as to the direction of energy transfer.
- Therefore an electromagnetic wave consists of two transverse waves, visible light being an example of an electromagnetic wave.
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- The force you feel from a wave hitting you at the beach is an example of work being done and, thus, energy being transfered by a wave in the direction of the wave's propagation.
- Energy transportion is essential to waves.
- It is a common misconception that waves move mass.
- Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields .
- This 3D diagram shows a plane linearly polarized wave propagating from left to right.
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- $\displaystyle {\bf F} = q \left ( {\bf E}_{wave} + \frac{\bf u}{c} \times {\bf B}_{wave} \right ).$
- To simplify matters let's assume that $u \ll\ c$ so we can neglect the magnetic term because $E_{wave}=B_{wave}$ so we have
- The radiated wave has the same frequency content as the incident wave.
- The electric field of the radiated wave is in the plane containing ${\bf E}_{wave}$ and $ {\bf n}$.
- The first term in the expression corresponds to light polarized in the plane containing ${\bf E}_{w,1}$ and ${\bf n}$ and the second term traces light polarized in the plane containing ${\bf E}_{w,2}$ and ${\bf n}$.
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- Sound is a wave—a longitudinal wave of pressure that travels through compressible medias (i.e., solid, liquid, gaseous, or made of plasma).
- Sound travels in longitudinal waves.
- Tone is a measure of the quality of a sound wave.
- Generally, the expression 'faster than the speed of sound' refers to 344 m/s. is an image demonstrating a plane moving faster than the speed of sound.
- This familiar image is of a plane that is moving faster than the speed of sound.
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- An air wedge is a simple interferometer used to visualize the disturbance of the wave front after propagation through a test object.
- An air wedge is one of the simplest designs of shearing interferometers used to visualize the disturbance of the wave front after propagation through a test object.
- To minimize image aberrations of the resulting fringes, the angle plane of the glass wedges has to be placed orthogonal to the angle plane of the air-wedge.
- Describe how an air wedge is used to visualize the disturbance of a wave front after proagation
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- There are two main types of waves.
- A general form of a sinusoidal wave is $y(x,t) = A sin(kx-\omega t + \phi)$, where A is the amplitude of the wave, $\omega$ is the wave's angular frequency, k is the wavenumber, and $\phi$ is the phase of the sine wave given in radians.
- We looked closely into the sinusoidal wave.
- Since a wave with an arbitrary shape can be represented by a sum of many sinusoidal waves (this is called Fourier analysis), we can generate a great variety of solutions of the wave equation by translating and summing sine waves that we just looked closely into.
- The sine function graphed on the Cartesian plane.
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- Between the two lobes there is a nodal plane.
- By definition there is precisely 0 probability of finding an electron anywhere along that plane, and because the plane extends infinitely it is impossible for an electron to go around it.
- And because all matter has a wave component (see the topic of wave-particle duality), all matter can in theory exist in imaginary space.
- But what accounts for the difference in probability of an electron tunneling over a nodal plane and a ball tunneling through a brick wall?
- When it reaches a barrier it cannot overcome, a particle's wave function changes from sinusoidal to exponentially diminishing in form.