peripheral

Examples of peripheral in the following topics:

• World-Systems Theory

  • Semi-peripheral countries (e.g., South Korea, Taiwan, Mexico, Brazil, India, Nigeria, South Africa) are less developed than core nations but more developed than peripheral nations.
  • They are the buffer between core and peripheral countries.
  • Peripheral countries generally provide labor and materials to core countries.
  • Semiperipheral countries exploit peripheral countries, just as core countries exploit both semiperipheral and peripheral countries.
  • Produce a map of the world that shows some countries as core, peripheral, and semi-peripheral according to Wallerstein's theory

• Development of the Peripheral Nervous System

  • The peripheral nervous system develops from two strips of tissue called the neural crest, running lengthwise above the neural tube.
  • The inner portion of the neural plate (along the midline) is destined to become the central nervous system (CNS), the outer portion the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • Neural crest cells are a transient, multipotent, migratory cell population unique to vertebrates that gives rise to a diverse cell lineage including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.
  • Subsequently, neural crest cells from the roof plate of the neural tube undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition, delaminating from the neuroepithelium and migrating through the periphery where they differentiate into varied cell types, including pigment cells and the cells of the peripheral nervous system.
  • The neural tube will give rise to the central nervous system, while the neural crest will give rise to the peripheral nervous system.

• Neuroglia of the Peripheral Nervous System

  • Schwann cells provide myelination to peripheral neurons.

• Comparing the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

  • The peripheral nervous system includes both a voluntary, somatic branch and an involuntary division regulating visceral functions.
  • The peripheral nervous system (PNS, see ) is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
  • The somatic nervous system (SoNS) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.
  • Spinal nerves are peripheral nerves that carry sensory information into the spinal cord and motor commands.
  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system, functioning largely below the level of consciousness and controlling visceral functions.

• Regeneration of Nerve Fibers

  • The peripheral nervous system is able to repair and regenerate itself, but the central nervous system is incapable of doing so.
  • Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially by the extent and speed.
  • While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration.
  • Neuroregeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) occurs to a significant degree.
  • Unlike peripheral nervous system injury, injury to the central nervous system is not followed by extensive regeneration.

• Edema

  • Causes of edema which are generalized to the whole body can cause edema in multiple organs and peripherally.
  • For example, severe heart failure can cause pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, ascites, and peripheral edema.
  • Peripheral pitting edema, as shown in , is the more common type, resulting from water retention.
  • Causes of edema which are generalized to the whole body can cause edema in multiple organs and peripherally.
  • Peripheral pitting edema results from water retention.

• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  • The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to environmental stimuli to gather sensory input and create motor output.
  • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two major components of the body's nervous system.
  • The human nervous system, including both the central nervous system (in red: brain, brain stem, and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (in blue: all other neurons and receptors).

• Introduction to the Nervous System

  • The general flow of information is that the peripheral nervous system (PNS) takes in information through sensory neurons, then sends it to the central nervous system (CNS) to be processed.
  • The nervous system can be divided into two major parts—the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • The peripheral nervous system includes a large system of nerves that are linked to the brain and spinal cord.
  • The nervous system of the human body, including the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) and all the nerves of the body (peripheral nervous system).

• Meristems

  • Apical meristems are organized into four zones: (1) the central zone, (2) the peripheral zone, (3) the medullary meristem and (3) the medullary tissue .
  • Surrounding the central zone is the peripheral zone.
  • The rate of cell division in the peripheral zone is higher than that of the central zone.
  • Peripheral zone cells give rise to cells which contribute to the organs of the plant, including leaves, inflorescence meristems, and floral meristems.
  • Pictured here are the (1) central zone, (2) peripheral zone, (3) medullary meristem and (3) medullary tissue.

• The Nervous System

  • The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves).
  • Two major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • The spinal cord is the information superhighway, connecting the brain with the rest of the body through the peripheral nerves.
  • The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that are connected to the brain (cranial nerves) and nerves that are connected to the spinal cord (spinal nerves).
  • The autonomic nervous system, also part of the peripheral nervous system, controls internal body functions that are not under conscious control.