peer pressure

Examples of peer pressure in the following topics:

• Peer Groups

  • Teenagers encouraging their friends to smoke, drink, or engage in other risky behavior is an example of peer pressure.
  • Peer pressure can also work in positive ways by encouraging teenagers to practice, study, or engage in other positive behaviors.
  • Among peers, children learn to form relationships on their own.
  • The term "peer pressure" is often used to describe instances where an individual feels indirectly pressured into changing their behavior to match that of their peers.
  • In spite of the often negative connotations of the term, peer pressure can be used positively.

• Culture-Specific Nuances of Decision-Making

  • Time Pressure - The time available to make a decision can create differences in reaction, as our conditioned decisions differ from are conscious/cognitive ones .
  • Peer Pressure - While this is a common term in other contexts, in this context the idea of peer pressure refers to collectivist cultures, who are more apt to align their actions and decisions with that of the society at large.
  • This is, in many ways, a contrast to peer pressure.

• Cultural and Societal Influences on Adolescent Development

  • The influence of parental and peer relationships, as well as the broader culture, shapes many aspects of adolescent development.
  • Research shows there are four main types of relationships that influence an adolescent: parents, peers, community, and society.
  • Peer groups offer members of the group the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership.
  • Peer groups can have positive influences on an individual, such as academic motivation and performance; however, they can also have negative influences, such as peer pressure to engage in drug use, drinking, vandalism, stealing, or other risky behavior.
  • Susceptibility to peer pressure increases during early adolescence, and while peers may facilitate positive social development for one another, they may also hinder it.

• The Asch Experiment: The Power of Peer Pressure

  • In a control group, with no pressure to conform to an erroneous answer, only one subject out of 35 ever gave an incorrect answer.
  • This demonstrates the importance of privacy in answering important and life-changing questions, so that people do not feel pressured to conform.

• Informal Means of Control

  • Informal social control—the reactions of individuals and groups that bring about conformity to norms and laws—includes peer and community pressure, bystander intervention in a crime, and collective responses such as citizen patrol groups.
  • A peer group is a social group whose members have interests, social positions, and age in common.
  • The influence of the peer group typically peaks during adolescence.
  • However, peer groups generally only affect short-term interests, unlike the long-term influence exerted by the family.
  • Informal social control—the reactions of individuals and groups that bring about conformity to norms and laws—includes peer and community pressure, bystander intervention in a crime, and collective responses such as citizen patrol groups.

• Adolescence

  • Adolescence is a period of significant cognitive, physical and social development, including changes in family and peer relationships.
  • Peer groups are especially important during adolescence, a period of development characterized by a dramatic increase in time spent with peers and a decrease in adult supervision.
  • Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop various social skills like empathy, sharing and leadership.
  • Susceptibility to peer pressure increases during early adolescence, peaks around age 14, and declines thereafter.
  • Emotional autonomy is the development of more adult-like close relationship with adults and peers

• Gender Messages from Peers

  • Peer groups can serve as a venue for teaching members gender roles.
  • Peer groups can consist of all males, all females, or both males and females.
  • Peer groups can have great influence on each other's gender role behavior depending on the amount of pressure applied.
  • If a peer group strongly holds to a conventional gender social norm, members will behave in ways predicted by their gender roles, but if there is not a unanimous peer agreement, gender roles do not correlate with behavior.
  • One thing that is an influence on peer groups is student behavior.

• Family and Friends

  • Person-to-person lending (also known as peer-to-peer lending, peer-to-peer investing, and social lending; abbreviated frequently as P2P lending) is a certain breed of financial transaction (primarily lending and borrowing, though other more complicated transactions can be facilitated) which occurs directly between individuals or "peers" without the intermediation of a traditional financial institution.
  • Lending money and supplies to friends, family, and community members predates formalized financial institutions, but in its modern form, peer-to-peer lending is a by-product of Internet technologies, especially Web 2.0.
  • Many peer-to-peer lending companies leverage existing communities and pre-existing interpersonal relationships with the idea that borrowers are less likely to default to the members of their own communities.
  • The risk associated with lending is minimized either through mutual (community) support of the borrower or, as occurs in some instances, through forms of social pressure.
  • The peer-to-peer lending firms either act as middlemen between friends and family to assist with calculating repayment terms, or connect anonymous borrowers and lenders based on similarities in their geographic location, educational and professional background, and connectedness within a given social network.

• Gauge Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure

  • Pressure is often measured as gauge pressure, which is defined as the absolute pressure minus the atmospheric pressure.
  • Gauge pressure is a relative pressure measurement which measures pressure relative to atmospheric pressure and is defined as the absolute pressure minus the atmospheric pressure.
  • Most pressure measuring equipment give the pressure of a system in terms of gauge pressure as opposed to absolute pressure.
  • For example, tire pressure and blood pressure are gauge pressures by convention, while atmospheric pressures, deep vacuum pressures, and altimeter pressures must be absolute.
  • Explain the relationship among absolute pressure, gauge pressure, and atmospheric pressure

• Expert vs. Peer Testimony

  • There are two types of testimony: expert testimony and peer testimony.
  • There are two major types of testimony: peer testimony and expert testimony.
  • Peer testimony, unlike expert testimony, is given by a person who does not have expertise in the subject in question.
  • As a result, those who provide peer testimony are sometimes referred to as "anti-authorities."
  • A person who provides peer testimony might not have expertise in a particular area, but he or she likely has personal experience with the issue at hand.