parity

Examples of parity in the following topics:

• Women in Medicine

  • Gender parity has yet to be achieved within the medical specialties around the world.
  • In some industrialized nations, women have achieved parity in medical school.
  • However, they have yet to achieve parity in practice.
  • In many developing nations, neither medical school nor practice approach gender parity.
  • In some industrialized countries, women have achieved parity in medical school.

• Selection Rules

  • First let's calculate the dipole matrix element after a parity transformation that takes ${\bf r} \rightarrow -{\bf r}$.
  • Unless $\psi_f* \psi_i$ is odd under the parity transformation, the integral will vanish, so the parity of the initial and final states must be different.
  • The parity of a particular configuration is $(-1)^{\sum l_j}$ where $l_j$ are the orbital angular momentum quantum numbers of each electron.

• Finding an Equilibrium Exchange Rate

  • Purchasing power parity is a way of determining the value of a product after adjusting for price differences and the exchange rate.
  • The concept of purchasing power parity is important for understanding the two models of equilibrium exchange rates below.
  • Like purchasing power parity, the balance of payments model focuses largely on tangible goods and services, ignoring the increasing role of global capital flows .

• Introduction to Pregnancy and Human Development

  • Similarly, the term parity (abbreviated as para) is used for the number of times a female has given birth; parity counts twins and other multiple births as one pregnancy.
  • An in-progress pregnancy, as well as abortions, miscarriages, or stillbirths, account for parity values being less than the gravida number.
  • In the case of twins, triplets, and so on, the gravida number and parity value are increased by one only.

• Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Theory

  • Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Theory is based on the Law of One Price.
  • Nevertheless, the Purchasing Power Parity helps predict changes in exchange rates.
  • Thus, Purchasing Power Parity estimates the equilibrium exchange rate.
  • Economists expand the Purchasing Power Parity to include many products in a society.
  • The Economist publishes the Big Mac Index, based on the Purchasing Power Parity.

• Introduction to multiple regression exercises

  • Another variable we consider is parity, which is 0 if the child is the first born, and 1 otherwise.
  • (c) Is there a statistically significant relationship between the average birth weight and parity?
  • We considered the variables smoke and parity, one at a time, in modeling birth weights of babies in Exercises 8.1 and 8.2.
  • (c) The coefficient for parity is different than in the linear model shown in Exercise 8.2.
  • (c) Parity might be correlated with one of the other variables in the model, which complicates model estimation.

• A Random Walk

  • We will study the random walk, Purchasing Power Parity Theory, the Relative Purchasing Parity Theory, Interest Rate Parity Theorem, and International Fisher Effect.

• Chapter Questions

• Checking model assumptions using graphs exercises

  • Exercise 8.7 presents a regression model for predicting the average birth weight of babies based on length of gestation, parity, height, weight, and smoking status of the mother.
  • In addition, the residuals do appear to have constant variability between the two parity and smoking status groups, though these items are relatively minor.

• Real Versus Nominal Rates

  • A measure of the differences in price levels is Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) .
  • The concept of purchasing power parity allows one to estimate what the exchange rate between two currencies would have to be in order for the exchange to be on par with the purchasing power of the two countries' currencies.
  • If all goods were freely tradable, and foreign and domestic residents purchased identical baskets of goods, purchasing power parity (PPP) would hold for the exchange rate and price levels of the two countries, and the real exchange rate would always equal 1.
  • Purchasing Power Parity evaluates and compares the prices of goods in different countries, such as groceries.