parietal pleura

Examples of parietal pleura in the following topics:

• Intercostal Nerves

  • The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation.
  • These are limited in their distribution to the parietes (wall) of the thorax.
  • Unlike the nerves from the autonomic nervous system that innervate the visceral pleura of the thoracic cavity, the intercostal nerves arise from the somatic nervous system.
  • This enables them to control the contraction of muscles, as well as provide specific sensory information regarding the skin and parietal pleura.
  • Damage to the visceral pleura is experienced as an unlocalized ache.

• The Mechanics of Human Breathing

  • The layer of tissue that covers the lung and dips into spaces is called the visceral pleura.
  • A second layer of parietal pleura lines the interior of the thorax .
  • A tissue layer called pleura surrounds the lung and interior of the thoracic cavity.

• Lungs

  • The outer layer of the lungs are the pleura, a type of mesothelium (membrane tissue) that surrounds the lung and attaches it to the thoracic cavity.
  • The pleura contain two layers, the outer parietal pleura (attached to the thoracic cavity), and the inner visceral pleura (covers the lungs).
  • The pleural cavity is the fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleura, and provides room for the lung to expand during inhalation.

• Pericardium

  • The pericardium is one of the mesothelium tissues of the thoracic cavity, along with the pleura which cover the lungs.
  • The outer layer of the serous pericardium, the parietal layer, is completely adhered to the fibrous pericardium.
  • The space between the parietal and visceral layers is called the pericardial cavity.
  • The space between these two serous layers, the parietal and the visceral, is the pericardial cavity, which contains pericardial fluid.
  • The pleural and pericardial cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between pericardium and heart.

• Serous Membranes

  • The layer in contact with the organ is known as the visceral layer, while the parietal layer is in contact with the body wall.
  • The pleural and pericardial cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between pericardium and heart.

• Body Cavity Membranes

  • The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracic cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac).
  • Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while the layer that covers the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium.

• Cerebral Lobes

  • The cortex is divided into four main lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal.
  • Several portions of the parietal lobe are also important in language processing.
  • Portions of the parietal lobe are involved with visuospatial processing.
  • The four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal) of the human brain are depicted.
  • Distinguish between the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex

• Fontanels

  • The cranium of a newborn consists of five main bones: two frontal bones, two parietal bones, and one occipital bone.
  • At birth, the skull features a small posterior fontanelle (an open area covered by a tough membrane) where the two parietal bones adjoin the occipital bone (at the lambda).
  • The much larger, diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle where the two frontal and two parietal bones join generally remains open until the child is about two years of age.
  • The more anterior one is the sphenoidal (between the sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and frontal bones), while the more posterior one is the mastoid (between the temporal, occipital, and parietal bones) .

• Cranial Bones

  • The neurocranium is comprised of eight bones: occipital, two temporal bones, two parietal bones, sphenoid, ethmoid, and the frontal bone.
  • The squamosal suture separating the parietal bone and squama portion of temporal bone.
  • The two large parietal bones are connected and make up part of the roof and sides of the human skull.
  • To the front the parietal bones form the coronal suture with the frontal bone, and to the rear the lambdoid suture with the occipital bone.
  • Finally, the squamosal suture separates the parietal and temporal bones.

• Cerebral Hemispheres and Lobes of the Brain

  • The brain is separated into four lobes: the frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes.
  • The parietal lobe is associated with sensory skills.
  • The parietal lobe is comprised of the somatosensory cortex and part of the visual system.
  • Several portions of the parietal lobe are important to language and visuospatial processing; the left parietal lobe is involved in symbolic functions in language and mathematics, while the right parietal lobe is specialized to process images and interpretation of maps (i.e., spatial relationships).
  • The Broca's area is at the back of the frontal lobe, and the Wernicke's area is roughly where the temporal lobe and parietal lobe meet.