parenchyma

Examples of parenchyma in the following topics:

• Leaf Structure, Function, and Adaptation

  • The mesophyll of most leaves typically contains two arrangements of parenchyma cells: the palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma .
  • Below the palisade parenchyma are loosely-arranged cells of an irregular shape.
  • These are the cells of the spongy parenchyma (or spongy mesophyll).
  • In aquatic plants, the intercellular spaces in the spongy parenchyma help the leaf float.
  • The numerous small bumps in the palisade parenchyma cells are chloroplasts.

• Stem Anatomy

  • Parenchyma cells are the most common plant cells .
  • Parenchyma cells are responsible for metabolic functions, such as photosynthesis.
  • In addition, some parenchyma cells store starch.
  • Xylem tissue has three types of cells: xylem parenchyma, tracheids, and vessel elements.
  • The central pith and outer cortex of the (a) flax stem are made up of parenchyma cells.

• Pulmonary Edema

  • Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs.
  • Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs and it leads to impaired gas exchange which may cause respiratory failure.
  • It is due to either failure of the left ventricle of the heart to adequately remove blood from the pulmonary circulation ("cardiogenic pulmonary edema") or an injury to the lung parenchyma or vasculature of the lung ("noncardiogenic pulmonary edema").

• Supply of Blood and Nerves to the Kidneys

  • These afferent arterioles branch into the glomerular capillaries, which facilitate fluid transfer to the nephrons inside the Bowman's capsule, while efferent arterioles take blood away from the glomerulus, and into the interlobular capillaries, which provide tissue oxygenation to the parenchyma of the kidney.
  • The renal vein drains blood from venules that arise from the interlobular capillaries inside the parenchyma of the kidney.

• Vascular Tissue: Xylem and Phloem

  • The tissue consists of vessel elements, conducting cells, known as tracheids, and supportive filler tissue, called parenchyma .
  • The substances travel along sieve elements, but other types of cells are also present: the companion cells, parenchyma cells, and fibers.

• Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation: Surface Tension of Alveolar Fluid

  • The alveoli are highly elastic structures in the parenchyma of the lungs that are the functional site of gas exchange.
  • Other diseases may cause atelectasis, such as COPD, or any sort of lung trauma and inflammation that involves extensive damage to the pleural cavity or the lung parenchyma.

• Plant Tissues and Organ Systems

  • It includes three different cell types: vessel elements and tracheids (both of which conduct water) and xylem parenchyma.
  • Phloem tissue, which transports organic compounds from the site of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant, consists of four different cell types: sieve cells (which conduct photosynthates), companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers.

• Nephroptosis (Floating Kidney)

  • The deeper layers below the renal fascia are, in order, the adipose capsule of the kidney (or perirenal fat), the renal capsule and finally the parenchyma of the renal cortex.

• Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  • It is characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange with concomitant systemic release of inflammatory mediators causing inflammation, hypoxemia, and frequently resulting in multiple organ failure.

• Polycystic Kidney Disease

  • As the cysts accumulate fluid, they enlarge, separate entirely from the nephron, compress the neighboring renal parenchyma, and progressively compromise renal function.