Operations Against Vicksburg

Examples of Operations Against Vicksburg in the following topics:

• Siege of Vicksburg

  • The Vicksburg Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in the western theater of the American Civil War directed against Vicksburg, Mississippi, a fortress city that dominated the last Confederate-controlled section of the Mississippi River.
  • Military historians divide the campaign into two formal phases: operations against Vicksburg from December 1862 to January 1863, and Grant's operations against Vicksburg from March to July 1863.
  • President Abraham Lincoln had long recognized the importance of Vicksburg, writing, "Vicksburg is the key."
  • Grant conducted a number of "experiments" or expeditions, called "Grant's Bayou Operations," that attempted to enable waterborne access to the Mississippi south of Vicksburg's artillery batteries.
  • On July 4, the Stars and Stripes rose over Vicksburg.

• Stalemate in the Eastern Theater

  • Operations in the interior of the Carolinas in 1865 are considered part of the western theater, while the other coastal areas along the Atlantic Ocean are included in the lower seaboard theater.
  • Jackson directed attacks against Union forces from the surrounding area, and Lee’s troops broke through light Union resistance at the same time to enter the battlefield.
  • Pope believed Confederate Major General Stonewall Jackson’s corps to be trapped and led the bulk of his army against Jackson’s.
  • The Confederate government agreed to this strategy only reluctantly, because Jefferson Davis was concerned about the fate of Vicksburg, Mississippi, the river fortress being threatened by Ulysses S.
  • Grant's Vicksburg Campaign.

• Union Victories in the Western Theater

  • It initially excluded operations against the Gulf Coast and the Eastern Seaboard but as the war progressed the definition of the theater expanded to encompass operations in Georgia and the Carolinas.
  • The theater's next phase was the Vicksburg Campaign .
  • Abraham Lincoln believed that the river fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, was a key to winning the war.
  • Vicksburg and Port Hudson were the last remaining strongholds that prevented full Union control of the Mississippi River.
  • Sherman reached the Yazoo River just north of the city of Vicksburg but without support from Grant's half of the mission, he was repulsed in bloody assaults against Chickasaw Bayou in late December.

• The Battles: 1863–1865

  • The major engagements can be divided into the eastern theater, including Gettysburg and Antietam, and the western theater, including the Battles of Shiloh and Vicksburg.
  • Tennessee, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia, however, refused to send forces against their neighbors, declared their secession, and joined the Confederacy.
  • The Confederate invasion of Columbus, Kentucky, ended Kentucky's policy of neutrality and turned that state against the Confederacy.
  • Grant, who won victories at Forts Henry and Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, and the Battle of Vicksburg, which cemented Union control of the Mississippi River and is considered one of the turning points of the war.
  • Texas remained in Confederate hands throughout the war, but was cut off from the rest of the Confederacy after the capture of Vicksburg in 1863 gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

• The Battle of Gettysburg

  • Such a move would upset federal plans for the summer campaigning season and possibly reduce the pressure on the besieged Confederate garrison at Vicksburg.
  • The main event was a dramatic infantry assault by 12,500 Confederates against the center of the Union line on Cemetery Ridge, known as Pickett's Charge.
  • Although not seen as overwhelmingly significant at the time—particularly since the war continued for almost two years afterwards—in retrospect, many historians consider it a "turning point", usually in combination with the fall of Vicksburg the following day.
  • This is because, after Gettysburg, Lee's army conducted no more strategic offensives, whereas prior to Gettysburg, Lee had established a reputation as an almost invincible general, achieving stunning victories against superior numbers.

• The Battle of Fredericksburg

  • Grant to advance against the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi.
  • Rosecrans, hoping for a more aggressive posture against the Confederates in Tennessee.
  • The Union Army's futile frontal attacks on December 13 against entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city is considered one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War, with Union casualties more than twice as heavy as those suffered by the Confederates.
  • Sumner and Joseph Hooker to make multiple frontal assaults against Lieutenant General James Longstreet's position on Marye's Heights, all of which were repulsed with heavy losses.

• The North African Front

  • After the Allied Operation Torch landings in North-West Africa in late 1942, and subsequent battles against Vichy France forces (who then changed sides), the Allies finally encircled Axis forces in northern Tunisia and forced their surrender.
  • Operation Torch in November 1942 was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to engage in the fight against Nazi Germany on a limited scale.
  • For Hitler the Eastern Front against the Soviet Union, dwarfed the desert war, which was a holding action of secondary importance.
  • Operation Torch started on 8 November 1942, and finished on 11 November.
  • During this period of weakness, the Allies decided against a rapid advance into Tunisia while they wrestled with the Vichy authorities.

• MacArthur's Leapfrogging

  • Operation Cartwheel (1943–1944) was a major military strategy for the Allies in the Pacific theater of World War II.
  • King, the Chief of Naval Operations, proposed a plan with similar elements but under Navy command.
  • The disastrous losses suffered by the Japanese prompted Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto to initiate I Go (Operation 'I'), a series of air attacks against Allied airfields and shipping at both Guadalcanal and New Guinea, which ultimately resulted in Yamamoto's death.
  • (then in command of the South Pacific Area) against the central Solomons.
  • Elkton III then became Operation Cartwheel.

• Sherman's March

  • Grant's armies in Virginia remained in a stalemate against Robert E.
  • By moving in Lee's rear and performing a massive turning movement against him, Sherman possibly could increase pressure on Lee, allowing Grant the opportunity to break through, or at least keep Southern reinforcements away from Virginia.
  • The campaign was similar to Grant's innovative and successful Vicksburg Campaign in that Sherman's armies reduced their need for traditional supply lines by "living off the land" after consuming their 20 days of rations.
  • From Savannah, Sherman marched north in the spring through the Carolinas, intending to complete his turning movement and combine his armies with Grant's against Lee.

• Iraq

  • Particularly since the beginning of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003, U.S. relations with Iraq have been central to its foreign policy.
  • Other proclaimed accusations against Iraq included its financial support for the families of Palestinian suicide bombers, Iraqi government human rights abuses, and an effort to spread democracy to the country.
  • The invasion, referred to as Operation Iraqi Freedom, led to an occupation and the eventual capture of President Hussein, who was later tried in an Iraqi court of law and executed by the new Iraqi government.
  • Violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups soon led to the Iraqi insurgency, strife between many Sunni and Shia Iraqi groups, and the emergence of a new faction of al-Qaeda in Iraq.