normal flora

Examples of normal flora in the following topics:

• Bacteroides and Flavobacterium

  • The presence of bacteroides in the normal flora of mammals is indicative of its role in processing complex molecules to simpler ones that can be utilized by the host.
  • The role of bacteroides in the normal flora extends beyond their ability to breakdown larger complex molecules and can display protective function.
  • Describe the role of Bacteroides in the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract and the role of Flavobacterium in causing disease in freshwater fish

• Bacterial Flora

  • The normal flora is also essential in the development of certain tissues, including the cecum and lymphatics.
  • Bacterial flora is also involved in the production of cross-reactive antibodies.
  • These are antibodies produced by the immune system against the normal flora, that are also effective against related pathogens, thereby preventing infection or invasion.

• Normal Genitourinary Microbiota

  • Those that are expected to be present and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, but instead participate in maintaining health, are deemed members of the normal flora.
  • Their role forms part of normal, healthy human physiology; however, if microbe numbers grow beyond their typical ranges (often due to a compromised immune system) or if microbes populate atypical areas of the body (such as through poor hygiene or injury), disease can result.
  • Normal flora bacteria can act as opportunistic pathogens at times of lowered immunity.The vaginal microflora consist mostly of various lactobacillus species .
  • Disturbance of the vaginal flora can lead to bacterial vaginosis.

• Innate Resistance

  • Those that are expected to be present, and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, but instead participate in maintaining health, are deemed members of the normal flora.
  • Their role forms part of normal, healthy human physiology.
  • Normal flora bacteria can act as opportunistic pathogens at times of lowered immunity.
  • A small number of bacteria are normally present in the conjunctiva.
  • The gut flora is the human flora of microorganisms that normally live in the digestive tract and can perform a number of useful functions for their hosts.

• Normal Eye Microbiota

  • A small number of bacteria are normally present in the conjunctiva.
  • Those that are expected to be present and do not cause disease (under normal circumstances), but instead participate in maintaining health, are deemed members of the normal flora.
  • A small number of bacteria are normally present in the conjunctiva.
  • Give examples of the microorganisms found in the normal eye microbiota

• Bacterial Skin Diseases

  • While illness symptoms resolve in a day or two, the skin may take weeks to return to normal.
  • Cellulitis can be caused by normal skin flora or by exogenous bacteria, and often occurs where the skin has previously been broken.
  • Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are the most common of these bacteria, which are part of the normal flora of the skin, but normally cause no actual infection while on the skin's outer surface.

• Normal Gastrointestinal Microbiota

  • Gut flora consist of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of animals and are the largest reservoir of human flora.
  • Gut flora consists of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of animals and is the largest reservoir of human flora .
  • It is estimated that these gut flora have around 100 times as many genes in aggregate as there are in the human genome.
  • Bacteria make up most of the flora in the colon and up to 60% of the dry mass of feces.
  • Fungi and protozoa also make up a part of the gut flora, but little is known about their activities.

• Digestive Processes of the Large Intestine

  • The colon absorbs vitamins created by the colonic bacteria—such as vitamin K (especially important as the daily ingestion of vitamin K is not normally enough to maintain adequate blood coagulation), vitamin B12, thiamine, and riboflavin.
  • Gut flora consists of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of animals and is the largest reservoir of human flora.
  • Bacteria make up most of the flora in the colon and up to 60 percent of the dry mass of feces.
  • Without gut flora, the human body would be unable to utilize some of the undigested carbohydrates it consumes; some types of gut flora have enzymes that human cells lack for breaking down certain polysaccharides.
  • Summarize the digestive processes of the gut flora of the large intestine

• Suppression and Alteration of Microbiota by Antimicrobials

  • The human body hosts thousands of different species of microbial organisms, known as the microbial flora or microbiota.
  • An example is gut flora getting into the body's blood stream.
  • In the case of the gut flora, this may impair the ability of a patient to properly metabolize food.
  • In addition to serving a necessary function as gut flora due in metabolism of food, some microbiota in our bodies serve the function of keeping pathogenic microbes from inhabiting or dominating other flora at locations in our body.
  • C. albicans is normally harmless, but when women take some antibiotics this can kill beneficial bacteria, specifically lactobacilli, in the vulvo-vaginal area.

• Overview of Human-Microbial Reactions

  • Gut flora consists of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of animals and is the largest reservoir of human flora.
  • Bacteria make up most of the flora in the colon and up to 60% of the dry mass of feces.
  • Fungi and protozoa also make up a part of the gut flora, but little is known about their activities.
  • Skin flora are usually non-pathogenic and either commensal or mutualistic.
  • Primary pathogens cause disease as a result of their presence or activity within the normal, healthy host.