Examples of non-small cell lung carcinoma in the following topics:
-
- The main types of lung cancer are small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), also called oat cell cancer, and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
- The non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) are grouped together because their prognosis and management are similar.
- Adenocarcinoma accounts for 40% of non-small cell lung cancers.
- Damage to chromosomes 3p, 5q, 13q, and 17p are particularly common in small-cell lung carcinoma.
- In most cases of early stage non-small cell lung cancer, removal of a lobe of lung (lobectomy) is the surgical treatment of choice.
-
- Tumors that commonly cause cord compression are lung cancer (non-small cell type), breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
- Some tumors are highly sensitive to chemotherapy (e.g. lymphomas, small-cell lung cancer) and may be treated with chemotherapy alone.
-
- This involves immune cells such as the natural killer cells (NK cells), lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and dendritic cells (DC).
- Since the immune system responds to the environmental factors it encounters on the basis of discrimination between self and non-self, many kinds of tumor cells that arise as a result of the onset of cancer are more or less tolerated by the patient's own immune system since the tumor cells are essentially the patient's own cells that are growing, dividing, and spreading without proper regulatory control.
- GD2 is expressed on the surfaces of a wide range of tumor cells, including neuroblastomas, medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, melanomas, small-cell lung cancer, osteosarcomas, and other soft tissue sarcomas.
- The injected immune cells are highly cytotoxic to the cancer cells and so help to fight them.
- Topical immunotherapy utilizes an immune enhancement cream (imiquimod), which is an interferon producer, causing the patient's own killer T cells to destroy warts, actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and superficial spreading melanoma.
-
- Non-malignant tumors are referred to as benign; they are typically slower growing and are often surrounded by a membrane of connective tissue that prevents metatasis.
- For example, patients with lung cancer often present with symptoms including breathlessness and chronic cough, but can vary widely between patients.
- Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells.
- This group includes many of the most common cancers, particularly in the aged, and include nearly all those developing in the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and colon.
- A tumor present in the lung is marked via the black box.
-
- Laryngeal cancer may also be called cancer of the larynx or laryngeal carcinoma.
- Most laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, reflecting their origin from the squamous cells which form the majority of the laryngeal epithelium.
- Distant metastasis to the lung are most common.
- The larynx may be examined by indirect laryngoscopy using a small angled mirror with a long handle (akin to a dentist's mirror) and a strong light.
- For small glottic tumors further imaging may be unnecessary.
-
- The tonsils are small masses of secondary lymphoid tissue located in the pharynx.
- For example, the adenoids and tubal tonsils are covered with the ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium of the nasopharynx, while the palatine and lingual tonsils are made up of the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the oropharynx.
- They contain specialized M cells that collect antigens produced by respiratory tract pathogens.
- Captured antigens are presented to B and T cells within the tonsil, then the B cells migrate to germinal centers within the tonsil as an adaptive immune response is initiated.
- Squamous cell carcinomas (epithelial tumor) and lymphomas (lymphocyte tumor) can also develop in the tonsillar tissue, and removal is a key treatment.
-
- These are known respectively as ductal carcinomas, and as lobular carcinomas.
- Worldwide, it comprises 22.9% of all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers) in women.
- Common sites include bone, liver, lung and brain.
- However, these symptoms are called non-specific, as they could be manifestations of many other illnesses.
- Most forms of chemotherapy kill cells that are dividing rapidly anywhere in the body and so cause temporary hair loss and digestive disturbances.
-
- In mammals, red blood cells are small, biconcave cells that, at maturity, do not contain a nucleus or mitochondria; they are only 7–8 µm in size.
- In birds and non-avian reptiles, red blood cells contain a nucleus.
- The small size and large surface area of red blood cells allow for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the plasma membrane.
- In the lungs, carbon dioxide is released while oxygen is taken in by the blood.
- In the tissues, oxygen is released from the blood while carbon dioxide is bound for transport back to the lungs.
-
- The thymus "educates" T cells and provides an inductive environment for the development of T cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells.
- Dendritic cells are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment, and are located mainly in the skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines.
- Natural killer cells are leukocytes that attack and destroy tumor cells, or cells that have been infected by viruses.
- T cells recognize a "non-self" target, such as a pathogen, only after antigens have been processed and presented in combination with a "self" receptor, called a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule.
- Red blood cells, several white blood cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small disc-shaped platelets.
-
- It can occur in almost any tissue, most often in the bloodstream and interstitial space but also the alveoli of the lungs and the parenchyma of most other major organs in the body.
- Oxidative stress can kill a cell through DNA, cell membrane, or mitochondrial damage.
- For instance, other receptors may be used to engulf pathogens, and other non-oxidative methods (such as lysozyme) exist to kill the phagocytized pathogen.
- Dendritic cells are present in the tissues that
are in contact with the external environment, mainly the skin, the
inner lining of the nose, the lungs, the stomach, and the intestines.
- Neutrophils move through the blood to the site of infection by rolling onto the vascular endothelium and adhering to it to slip through small gaps into the tissues during an inflammatory response.