New Deal Liberalism

Examples of New Deal Liberalism in the following topics:

• The Democratic Party

  • Roosevelt, elected to the presidency in 1932, came forth with government programs called the New Deal.
  • New Deal liberalism meant the promotion of social welfare, labor unions, civil rights, and regulation of business.
  • African Americans, who traditionally supported the Republican Party, began supporting Democrats following the ascent of the Franklin Roosevelt administration, the New Deal, and the Civil Rights movement.
  • Bill Clinton was elected to the presidency in 1992, as a New Democrat.
  • Since the 1890s, the Democratic Party has favored liberal positions ("liberal" in this case meaning social liberalism).

• The New Deal

  • Many historians distinguish between a First New Deal (1933–34) and a Second New Deal (1935–38).
  • The second was more liberal and more controversial.
  • The Second New Deal was begun in the spring of 1935 .
  • The New Deal produced a political realignment.
  • Conservatives opposed the entire New Deal as an enemy of business and growth; liberals accepted some of it but promised to make it more efficient.

• The Great Depression and the New Deal

  • The Republicans were split, with conservatives opposing the entire New Deal as an enemy of business and growth, and liberals accepting some of it and promising to make it more efficient.
  • Many historians distinguish a "First New Deal" (1933–34) and a "Second New Deal" (1935–38), with the second one being more liberal and more controversial.
  • Eisenhower (1953–61) left the New Deal largely intact, even expanding it in some areas.
  • Johnson's Great Society used the New Deal as inspiration for a dramatic expansion of liberal programs, which Republican Richard M.
  • The New Deal regulation of banking (Glass–Steagall Act) was suspended in the 1990s.

• A Halfway Revolution

  • The New Deal is often called the "halfway revolution," because many argue that the New Deal did not go far enough.
  • The New Deal has often been called the "halfway revolution. " Essentially, this critique of the New Deal claims that the New Deal did not go far enough in its social or economic reforms.
  • Despite the criticisms that the New Deal did not go "far enough," the New Deal was at least a "halfway" revolution, a major step for liberalism in the United States.
  • In this way, it is argued that the New Deal was only a "halfway revolution. "
  • As mentioned, while it is often criticized that the New Deal did not go far enough as far as social reform, the United States has a number of social welfare programs that trace their legacy to the New Deal era.

• Liberalism

  • Both modern American conservatism and social liberalism split from Classical Liberalism in the early 20th century.
  • Conversely social liberals adopted the Classical Liberal belief in defending social civil liberties.
  • Novak, liberalism in the United States shifted in the late 19th and early 20th century from classical liberalism (endorsing laissez-faire economics and constitutionalism) to "democratic social-welfarism" (endorsing such government involvement as seen in the New Deal).
  • This shift included qualified acceptance of government intervention in the economy and the collective right to equality in economic dealings.
  • According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "In the United States, liberalism is associated with the welfare-state policies of the New Deal program of the Democratic administration of Pres.

• The Fair Deal

  • The term has also been used to describe the domestic reform agenda of the Truman Administration, which governed the United States from 1945 to 1953, and marked a new stage in modern liberalism in the United States.
  • A liberal Democrat, Truman was determined both to continue the legacy of the New Deal and make his own mark in social policy.
  • The liberal task of the Fair Deal was to spread the abundant benefits throughout society by stimulating economic growth.
  • Solidly based upon the New Deal tradition of Truman's predecessor FDR in its advocacy of wide-ranging social legislation, the Fair Deal differed enough to claim a separate identity for Truman.
  • According to Eric Leif Davin, the 1949-50 Congress: "was the most liberal Congress since 1938 and produced more 'New-Deal-Fair-Deal' legislation than any Congress between 1938 and Johnson’s Great Society of the mid-1960s.”

• Challenges to the New Deal

  • The American Liberty League was a non-partisan organization formed in 1934 in opposition to the New Deal.
  • The proposal provoked vast opposition, including among some liberals.
  • The court-packing plan strengthened conservative opposition to the New Deal.
  • The Coalition's members did not form a solid anti-New Deal legislation voting bloc.
  • The results of the 1938 midterm election demonstrated that the dissatisfaction with New Deal policies grew.

• Foundations of the Welfare State

  • Examples of the Liberal welfare state include Australia, Canada, Japan, Switzerland and the United States.
  • Entitlement programs in the U.S. were virtually non-existent until the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the implementation of the New Deal programs in response to the Great Depression.
  • Between 1932 and 1981, modern American liberalism dominated U.S. economic policy and the entitlements grew along with American middle class wealth.
  • Top left: The Tennessee Valley Authority, part of the New Deal, being signed into law in 1933.Top right: FDR (President Franklin Delano Roosevelt) was responsible for the New Deal.Bottom: A public mural from one of the artists employed by the New Deal's WPA program.
  • Compare and contrast the social-democratic welfare state, the Christian-democratic welfare state and the liberal welfare state

• Opposition from the Courts

  • During Roosevelt's first term, the Supreme Court had struck down several New Deal measures intended to bolster economic recovery during the Great Depression, leading to charges from New Deal supporters that a narrow majority of the court was obstructionist and political.
  • Parrish by a 5–4 ruling, after Associate Justice Owen Roberts had joined the more liberal members.
  • Additionally, many Justice Department lawyers were ideologically opposed to the New Deal and failed to influence either the drafting or review of much of the White House's New Deal legislation.
  • However, early wins for New Deal supporters came in Home Building & Loan Association v.
  • Presided over the New Deal Era.

• The Last of the New Deal Reforms

  • Historians continue to debate when the New Deal ended.
  • Although traditionally the New Deal is divided into two stages (First New Deal, 1933-34/5 and Second New Deal 1935-38), some historians refer to the final phase of the New Deal as the Third New Deal.
  • A handful of liberal measures did pass when the Conservative Coalition was divided (most notably the minimum wage laws).
  • Despite the continuous economic crisis and hardships, the New Deal was largely over by 1939, where this family was seeking New Deal benefits.
  • Examine the last New Deal programs pushed through by the Roosevelt administration